global test ch28 Flashcards
Why did China and Great Britain fight a series of conflicts known as the Opium Wars?
The Opium Wars were fought because China attempted to suppress the British opium trade, which was hurting the Chinese economy and society. The British, wanting to continue this profitable trade, fought to open up Chinese markets.
What is the relationship between ‘unequal treaties’ such as the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the ‘spheres of influence’?
The ‘unequal treaties,’ like the Treaty of Nanjing, were forced agreements that gave foreign powers control over parts of China, leading to ‘spheres of influence.’ These spheres were regions where foreign countries had special trading privileges and economic control.
How were the Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion similar? How were they different?
Both the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions were responses to foreign influence and Chinese suffering. The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war led by religious and anti-Qing forces, while the Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising by peasants. The Taiping Rebellion sought to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, while the Boxer Rebellion aimed at expelling foreign powers.
What did it mean for the United States to urge an Open Door Policy for China?
The Open Door Policy meant the U.S. wanted all nations to have equal trading rights in China, preventing any one country from monopolizing trade. It was designed to protect American business interests and ensure that China remained open to foreign trade.
How did the Perry Mission affect the Tokugawa Shogunate and its policy of isolation?
The Perry Mission forced Japan to open up to Western trade after centuries of isolation. This led to the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate’s policy of isolation, initiating significant political, social, and economic changes in Japan.
What was restored in the Meiji Restoration and how was it a response to the changes brought on by the Perry Mission?
The Meiji Restoration restored imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. It was a response to Japan’s need to modernize in order to resist Western imperialism, as Japan realized it could not remain isolated in the face of Western powers like the U.S.
What are zaibatsu?
Zaibatsu are powerful corporations sold to private investors.
How did the Meiji Restoration lead to the Japanese conquests of Korea and Manchuria and wars against China and Russia?
The Meiji Restoration modernized Japan and made it a military power. As a result, Japan sought to expand its influence in East Asia, leading to the conquest of Korea and Manchuria and wars with China (First Sino-Japanese War) and Russia (Russo-Japanese War).
What was the difference between US Presidents and Latin American ‘caudillos’ in the late 19th century?
U.S. Presidents were elected through democratic processes, while Latin American caudillos were military leaders who gained power through force, often ruling as dictators.
What did the US gain from the Spanish-American War of 1898?
After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking the beginning of its imperialist expansion.
How did the Roosevelt Corollary update the Monroe Doctrine?
The Roosevelt Corollary extended the Monroe Doctrine by asserting the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries to stabilize their economies and prevent European intervention.
Who built the Panama Canal? Why?
The U.S. built the Panama Canal to create a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, improving naval and commercial shipping efficiency.
Which two of these three Mexican leaders were most alike, and how were they unlike the third? (a. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, b. Benito Juarez, c. Porfirio Diaz)
Santa Anna and Diaz were both military leaders who ruled Mexico, but while Santa Anna’s rule was marked by instability and frequent shifts in power, Diaz’s rule was a long dictatorship. Juarez, on the other hand, was a reformer who promoted constitutional governance and liberal policies.
How did Francisco ‘Pancho’ Villa and Emiliano Zapata change Mexico?
Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata were key leaders of the Mexican Revolution, fighting for the rights of peasants and workers. Villa was known for his military leadership, while Zapata was a symbol of agrarian reform. Together, they helped overthrow the dictatorial regime of Porfirio Díaz.
How long did the Mexican Constitution of 1917 last?
The Mexican Constitution of 1917 is still in effect today, although it has undergone amendments over the years.
