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physiology > the vascular system > Flashcards

the vascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is higher pressure, systemic or pulmonary

A

Systemic is higher pressure

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2
Q

how does pressure change as blood moves through the vasculature

A

decreases in amplitude with distance

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3
Q

what is the equation for pulse pressure

A

Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure

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4
Q

what is the maximum aterial pressure the same as in relation to the heart pumping

A

Systolic pressure

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5
Q

what is the minimum arterial pressure the same as in relation to the heart pump

A

Diastolic pressure

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6
Q

what determines pulse pressure

A

Stroke volume
speed of ejection of stroke volume
arterila compliance

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7
Q

what is compliance equation

A

change in volume/ change in pressure

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8
Q

what is the equation for mean arterial pressure

A

Diastolic pressure+ 1/3(SP-DP)

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9
Q

what kind of bump is the heart

A

intermittent pump

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10
Q

what allows for continuous flow

A

stretching and recoiling of the arterial walls

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11
Q

what does MAP mean

A

Pressure driving blood into the tisssues averaged over the cardiac cycle

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12
Q

what determines the relative blood flow to that organ

A

Arterioles

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13
Q

what is the formula for flow

A

Change in pressure/ resistance

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14
Q

what is the formula for flow to an organ

A

MAP/Resistance of the organ

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15
Q

is map different for every organ

A

No

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16
Q

what determines blood flow

A

MAP

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17
Q

what regulates organ blood flow

A

Resistance in the arterioles

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18
Q

what are the local control mechansisms for the intrinsic tone of the arterioles

A

Active hyperemia

Flow autoregulation

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19
Q

what causes active hypermia in the arterioles

A

metabolites

Accumulation of CO2, H+, K+, eicosanoids, adenosine, bradykinin, NO

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20
Q

what does active hyperemia do

A

Increase blood flow in places with lots of metabolites

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21
Q

what parts of the body do active hyperemia

A

Skeltal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Brain
GI after eating

22
Q

what is the myogenic response of flow autoregulation

A

decreased blood flow leads to a decrease in arterial pressure
- dilation to incrase blood flow

23
Q

what does the myogenic response respond to

A

a change in MAP

24
Q

what has more power, myogenic or active hyperemia

A

Myogenic overrides

25
Q

what organs do myogenic control

A

All organs

26
Q

what is reactive hyperemia

A

response to cessation of blood flow

27
Q

where does extrinic control of the arterioles come from

A

Sympathetic system
Parasympa
Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic automnomic neurons (release NO - enteric and penile)
hormones

28
Q

what organ’s vasculature are not under extrinsic control

A

brain

heart

29
Q

what receptor cause vascocontriction of arterioles

A

Alpha adrenergic

30
Q

what receptors cause vasodilation of arterioles

A

Beta 2 adrenergic

31
Q

how does sympa system affect arterioles

A

Release norepinephrine to bind to alpha adrenergic recetpros to lead to constriction

32
Q

how does the adrenal medulla affect the arterioles

A

release epinephrin inot blood to bind to alpha adrenergic to do constriction and beta to do vasodilation

33
Q

what are the hormones that can act of arterioles

A 
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Angiotension II
Vasopressin
Atrial natriuretic peptide
34
Q

what are the endothelial controls of the arterioles

A

Paracrine effects

Flow induced arterial vasodilation

35
Q

what are the vasodilators

A

Endothelium derived relaxing factor =NO

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

36
Q

what are the vasoconstrictors

A

Endothelin-1

37
Q

what is the neuronal control of arteriolar radius

A

Only sympathetic nerves

38
Q

does only one signal control contraction/relazation of vasculature

A

no, many signals

39
Q

how is the kidney’s vessels controled

A

Autoregulation via myogenic

40
Q

what regulates skin blood flow

A

Sympathetic to aid in heat loss

41
Q

when fluid is moved from the plasma to the ISF

A

Filtration

42
Q

when fluid is moved from the ISF to plasma

A

Absorption

43
Q

how thick is a capillary

A

Single endothelial cell in thickness

44
Q

what determines capillary blood flow

A

No S. mucle in capillary so upstream arteriole and precapillary sphincters control flow

45
Q

do smaller tubes have faster or slower velocity`

A

Slower

46
Q

what is the main protein that forces water to come back into the blood

A

Alblumin

47
Q

what is good to allow blood to go slow in the capillaries

A

Allows for better diffusion of wastes and O2/glucosa

48
Q

what is the net filtration pressure

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
- interstiation hydrostatic pressure
+ Osmotic foce due to plasma protein concentration
- osmotic force due to interstitatial fluid protein concetration

49
Q

how much blood is in the veins at rest

A

60%

50
Q

what allows the veins to hold lots of blood

A

Veins are very compliant

51
Q

what aids in venous flow

A

Skeletal muscle pump

vavles

52
Q

what does venous return affect and the ultimate effect

A

End-diastolic volume
= increase stroke volume
== cardiac output

physiology (32 decks)

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