Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > respiration 1 > Flashcards

respiration 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of respiratory system

A 
O2
Eleimate Co2
Regulat Ph
Speech
Microbial defecence
Activate/inactivate chem messengers in blood
defend against blood clots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most critical function of the respiratory system

A

deliver O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the problem with lots of CO2 in the blood

A

acidic waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does the respiratory system provide microbial defense

A

Epithelial secretion
Lymphoid tissue in tract
Coughing and sneezing reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does the respiratory system defend against blood clots

A

Small blood clots get trapped in narrow vessels in lungs and are dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the series of tubes needed to exchange air betwen lungs and environment

A

Airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what makes up the upper airway

A

Structures outside the thoracic cavity

  • mouth/nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • top of trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what makes up the conducting zone

A

thoracic cavity, but no gas exchange occurs

  • trachea
  • primary bronchi
  • sec bronchi
  • tertiary bronchioles
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes up the trachea and bronchi

A

cartilaginous rings

mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes up the bronchioles

A

Lose cartilage, glands, smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the respiratory zone

A

Structures where gas exchange occurs

  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

functions of the conducting zone

A

Branching
Air is warmed and moistening
protection against microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the amount of branching in the conducting zone

A

1->8 mill tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is responsibly for warming and moistening the air in the conducting zone

A

Heat and water vapor are exchanged with blood in airway walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the trachea do to protect against microbes

A

Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps airborne particles and pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the eipithelial layer have to protect aginst pathogens

A

Epithelial cells move mucs up to pharynx to be swallowed or expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the mutation in cystic fibrosis change

A

Cl- channel changes the amount of Na and Cl secreted across the epithelium into mucus
= less water in mucus, so mucus dry and thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does cystic fibrosis lead to disease

A

infectious agents trapped not expelled and airways are obstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what regulates the airflow in the lungs

A

Bronchiolar Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why are the alveoli well suited for optimizing gas exchange

A

High surface area
high vascularized
Respiratory surface very thin
low rate of bloodflow provides time for exchnage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what provides microbial defense in the respiratory zone

A

Pulmonary macrophages

22
Q

what are the cells of the alveoli

A

Type I
Type II
macrophages

23
Q

what is the roll of type I alveoli cels

A

Epithelium for gas exchange surface

24
Q

what is the roll of type II alveoli cells

A

Secrete surfactant

25
Q

what is the diameter of the alveolar sacs

A

.5 micrometers in diameter

26
Q

what is the distance between alveolus and capillary

A

.2 micrometers

27
Q

polarity of respiratory gases diffuse

A

small and non-polar

28
Q

solubility of O2 and CO2

A

CO2=77 mmol/L

O2=2.2mmol/L

29
Q

what must a gas cross to get into blood from the lungs

A 
across apical membrane of type I cell
Through cytoplasm
across basal membrane of Type I cell
Across basal almina and underlying connective tissue
acoss basal membrande of endo cell
through cytoplasm
across apical membrane of endo cell
plasma
30
Q

what must a gas cross to get from blood to the tissue

A

reverse of how air goes from lungs to blood

31
Q

what surrounds earch lung

A

a pleural sac made of two layers

32
Q

what adheres to the underside of the thoracic wall and the top of the diaphram

A

parietal pleua

33
Q

what covers the outer surface of the lung

A

Visceral pleura

34
Q

what is the pleural sacq

A

the space between the parietal and visceral pleura

35
Q

how thick is the intrapleural fluid

A

10-20 micrometers thick

36
Q

what is the physics of ventilation of the lungs

A

relies on pressure difference

37
Q

what is th flow equation

A

Flow= difference in Pressure from atm to lung/Resistance

38
Q

what are the relative pressure for inspiration

A

pressure of alveolus is less than atmosphere

39
Q

what is the relative pressure for expiration

A

pressure of the alveolus is greater than the atmosphere

40
Q

what causes alveolar pressure to change

A

response to chnaging volume of the lungs (BOYLE’S law)

41
Q

what are the important pressures used in ventilation

A

alveolar pressure
intrapleural pressure
transpulmonary pressure

42
Q

what is intrapleural pressure

A

the pressure in the fluid of the intrapleural space

43
Q

what is transpulmonary pressure

A

the difference in pressure between the intrapleural space and the alvelar pressure

44
Q

what muscles are used in inspiration

A

Contraction of diaphram

external intercostal contraction

45
Q

what muscles are used in expiration

A

relaxation of diaphram
external intercostals relax
internal intercostal contract

46
Q

what is the alveolar pressure, atmospheric and intrapleural pressure at rest

A

alvolar and atm equal

intrapleural below atm

47
Q

why is intrapleural pressue always subatmospheric

A

Lungs recoil inward

chest wall recoils outward

48
Q

how does intrapleural pressure, transpulmonary and alveolar and atmospheric pressure change during inspiration

A

Intrapleural becomes more negative
transpleural increrases
air flows in until alveolar pressure equal atmospheric pressure

49
Q

how does intrapleural pressure, transpulmonary and alveolar and atmospheric pressure change during expiration

A

intrapleural becomes less negative
transpleural decreases
air flows out until alveolar and atmospheric pressure are equal

50
Q

what causes a pneumothorax occur

A

lung or pleural sac is punctured

51
Q

does a pneumothroax happen to one or two lungs

A

just one lung

52
Q

what causes the pneumothorax to colapse a lung

A

different pressures no longer exist so lung colapses and chest wall expands

physiology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions