Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > endo of growth and diabetes > Flashcards

endo of growth and diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the non-endocrine factors that regulate growth

A

Genetics (primary)
Nutriation
freedom from disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what determines final height

A

rate of bone growth

- primarily in legs and vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when does the demand for nutrition in growth begin

A

in utero (cell division and pr synth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the nutritional rate for growth

A

Nutrient demand is greater than that for body maintainence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what axis does disease activate

A

The HPA axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the hormones of the growth axis

A

GHRH
GH
IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where do hormones of the growth axis control growth

A

actions in somatic tissue and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is more important for growth, IGF-1 or GH

A

IGF-1: fetal growth

GH: important later in development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what grows the fasterst in the body

A

brain is the fastest
Total body height
reproductive organs the slowest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what hormone not in the growth axis is needed for synth of GH and manifestation of GH effects

A

thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what hromone not in the growth axis regualtes growth

A

Glucose-regulating hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the action of Glucocorticoids

A

inhibit GHRH secretion at the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is action of Insulin related to GH and IGF-1

A

action of insulin opposes GH and IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what steroids have just a role in growth, despite not being part of the growth axis

A

Gonadal steroids (t and E2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the action of gonadal steroids on growth

A

Epiphyseal closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the epiphyseal growth plates separate

A

the shaft/diaphysis from the proximal and distal epiphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do longs bones growth

A

as epiphyseal plate cartialge is replaced by bone at both ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

does a growing bone romdel

A

Yes, constantly to maintain shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes the epihphyseal places to ossify at puberty

A

Action of E2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the hypothalamic hormones that regulate GH secreteion

A

GHRH

Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does GH has a direct or indirect effect on growth

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does GH directly stimulate growth

A 
A mitogen (stimulates Cell division)
acts in somatic tissue to stimulate PR synth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what hormone works in opposition to GH

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does GH have an indirect effect on growth

A

secretion of IGF-1 from liver and other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what kind of loops regulate GH secretion

A

Long and short loop feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what do IGF-1 and GH inhibit and stimulate via feedback loops

A

inhibit GH and GHRH

stimulate SS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the action of SS

A

inhibit GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when is GHRH eleveated

A

During sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when is SS elevated

A

During the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how does GH lead to growth in the bones

A

maturation of Chondroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how does IGF-1 stimulate growth

A

CEll division

32
Q

what are the anti-insulin affects of GH

A
  • adipocytes more responsive to stimuli that induce breakdown of triglycerides, release fatty acids to the blood
  • stimulates gluconeogensis
  • reduce insulin ability to stimulate glucose uptake by adipose and muscle cells (higher glucose concentrations)
33
Q

what do deficits of GH and IGF-1 lead to

A

Reduced growth

34
Q

why might GH and IGF-1 be reduced

A

genetic mutation

malnutrition

35
Q

what are the known defects of IGF-1 synth or receptors

A

No known

- leads to death without these

36
Q

how can one negatively affect IGF-1 synth

A

Malnutrition

37
Q

what does chronic stress lead to

A

decrease of GH due to chronic stress

38
Q

how does GH production change with age

A

High during adolescence

Low during adulthood when effects of GH on somatic tissue diminish

39
Q

how do Sex steroids affect growth

A

Stimulate GH and IGF-1 synth

contrasting effect on skeltal growth

40
Q

how do Steroids stimulate growth

A

stimulate the prepubertal spurt in bone growth

cause fusion of epiphyseal plates by inhibiting bone growth

41
Q

what action do cortisol/glucocorticoids have on growth

A

anti-growth effects

42
Q

how does GH benifit throughout life

A

Important at young age for cells and tissues

can become detrimental later in life

43
Q

what usually is the cause of excessive production of GH

A

Pituitary

44
Q

what causes gigantism

A

Prepubertal onset of ecess GH

45
Q

what causes Acromegaly

A

Postpubertal onset of excess GH

46
Q

aside from gigantism and acromegaly, what can excess GH lead to

A

Diabetic like condition

oral consequences

47
Q

what are the oral conseqeunces of excess GH

A

macroglossia
Increased teeth spacing and tilting
enlarged salivary glands
Excess cementum

48
Q

what does GH insufficiency or receptor defects lead to

A

Reduced growth

49
Q

how does one treat GH deficiency

A

treating prepubertally with exogenous GH

50
Q

what causes GH insensitivity/dwarfism

A

absense of function GH receptor

51
Q

what are the symptoms of abscence of a functional GH receptor

A

dont have diabetes or cancer

are obese

52
Q

how does one treat GH insensitivity/dwafism

A

exogenous IGF-1

53
Q

what is achondroplasia

A

Reduced growth due to constituitive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor

54
Q

what is the normal action of Fibroblast growth factor

A

Inhibits/regulates bone growth

55
Q

what does abnormal/continued activation of the Fibrblast growth factor receptor lead to

A

Impaired development of cartilage

56
Q

how does GH insufficiency affect dental patients

A

Delayed tooth shedding and replacement

decreased salivary function and increased incidence of perio disease and caries

57
Q

how does taking GH affect adults

A

Not taller
build muscle and bone
start to look like acromegaly

58
Q

what are the symptoms of Acromegaly

A

all body organs get thicker
increased fatty acid in blood
less storage of glucose

59
Q

how common is GH insufficiency

A

Very common(1:35)

60
Q

what causes Diabetes Mellitus

A

Disruption in the normal function of insulin

61
Q

what is the roll of insulin

A

regulates glucose transport into cells , specifically muscle, fat, and liver

62
Q

why would loss of insulin function be fetal

A

leading to ketoacidosis

63
Q

why is insulin release

A
  • In response to increase in blood glucose or amino acids

- signals from parasympa system

64
Q

what ans system inhibits insulin secretion

A

Sympathetic nervous system

65
Q

what is type I diabetes

A

autoimmune disorder where pancreatic beta cells are destroyed resuling in reduced insulin production

66
Q

when does Type I diabetes manifest

A

early in life

67
Q

how do you manage Type I diabetes

A

insulin supplementation
Diet
glucose monitor

68
Q

what causes type II diabetse

A

combo of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency

69
Q

when does Type II diabetes manifest

A

later in life

70
Q

how does one manage type II diabetes

A

diet and life controls
insulin sensitizers
insulin suppliments

71
Q

what are the symptoms of diabets

A

evelated fasting glucose concetration
Polyria
Fatigue
Blurred vision

72
Q

what does chronic hyperglycemia lead to

A

complications due to vascular effects of high plasma glucose

  • renal failure
  • vascular disease
  • blindness
  • skin and mucosal infection
  • periodontal disease
73
Q

how can diabetse affect dentistry

A

vascular disease affect teeth
dehydration reduce saliva
increased risk of perio disease with diminished immune response and ability to repair tissue

74
Q

how can you care for someone with type I diabets

A
  • Be familiar with history

- snacks and/or insulin during prolonged procedures

75
Q

how can type II diabetes lead to tooth pain

A

eating food with high Glycemic index
aggravation of diabetic condition
tooth pain due to complications

physiology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions