Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > GI physio > Flashcards

GI physio Flashcards

1
Q

what is the digestive function of saliva

A

taste
Lubricant
Initiate digestion of starch
initiates digestion of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are the locations of the salivary glands

A

parotid: cheak
Submandibular salivary gland - back of mouth
sublingual salivary gland- font of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the duct is associated with the parotid gland

A

stensen’s duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does the stensen’s duct open up

A

upper second molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what kind of gland is the parotid gland

A

serous gland (watery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the parotid gland produce to aid in digestion

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the duct associated with the submandibular gland

A

wharton’s duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does wharton’s duct open

A

beneath the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of gland is the submandibular gland

A

Serous and mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the submandibular gland secrete

A

water/electrolytes

mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when is the submandibular gland active

A

at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the duct associated with the sublingual gland

A

lesser sublingual (Rivinus’s) duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the sublingual gland secrete

A

anterior floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the sublingual gland secrete

A

mostly mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where are the minor glands int eh oral cavity

A 
Labial
Palatine
Buccal
Lingual
Sublingual mucosae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the lingual salivary glands

A

Von Ebner gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do the minor salivary glands secrete

A

mostly mucous except von ebner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how much salivary contribution do the minor salivary glands add

A

5-10% total saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what cells tend to hang out in the minor salivary glands

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the rolls of Von ebner’s glands

A

Taste

Secrete lingual lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do von ebner glands aid in aste

A

facilitates contact with taste buds

rinses duct of circumvallate and foliate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the roll of lingual lipase

A

fatty acid digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

does lingual lipase only work in the mouth

A

Continues into stomach (fundus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why would the mouth secrete mucous

A

help with food bolus movement and respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is an acinus made of

A 
acinar cells (blind sac)
Myoepithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what cells are included in acinar cells

A

Serous cells

Mucous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do acinar serous cells secrete

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what do acinar mucous cells secrete

A

Mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the ducts of a salivon from the acinus

A

Intercalated duct
Striated duct
excretory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is saliva made of

A

water (99.5%)
inorganic salts
organic compnents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the inorganic salts of the saliva

A 
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Bicarb
calcium phosphate
magnesium sulfate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the organic ompents of the saliva from acinar cell origin

A 
amylase
Lipase
Mucoproteins
Proline-rirch proteins
Tyrosine-rich proteins (others)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the organic compnents of nonacinar cell origin

A

Lysozymes
Immunoglobulin
Growth factors
Regulatory peptires (NGF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how is pH of the saliva controlled

A

highly buffered between 6.7 and 7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the primary mechanism for how saliva is secreted into the lumen

A

Cl- flows through the cell into the lumen

Na passes between the cell into the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how does the body regulate movement of ions to get saliva to flow into the lumen

A 
non lumen side:
K pumped out of cell
2 k pumped in and 3 Na pumped out of cell
na and K pumped in with addition of 2 Cl
Lumen side:
Cl pumped into lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what does water follow for the primary mech for saliva secretion

A

NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does the alternative mechanism for substational fluid secretion include

A

take into CO2 from the nonlumen side to make HCO3
HCO3 pumped out and CL- pumped into the cell
(also pumps out HCO3 to the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the intracellular Na concentration of salivary cells

A

Kept low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the intracellular K concentration of salivary cells

A

kept high

41
Q

what is the intracellular Cl concentration of salivary cells

A

High

42
Q

what is the Ca in unstimulated salivary cells

A

Low

43
Q

what does the low ca of unstimulated salivary cells do

A

K and Cl channels are closed

44
Q

what does stimulation of salivary cells lead to

A

Ca opens Cl and K channels

45
Q

how does Na get into the lumen salivary glands

A

Na leaks through tight junctions to follow Cl

46
Q

how do ion concentrations change with flow rate

A

Na increases most
HCO3 increase middle
Cl increases slightly bellow
K stays the same concentration

47
Q

where does primary secretion occur

A

Acini

48
Q

where does Secondary modifacion occur

A

in the duct

49
Q

where in the duct is H2O permiable

A

in the acini but not permiable in the duct

50
Q

how does concentrations change in the ducts of the salivary glands

A

Na, Cl, HCO3 reabsorbed

K secreted

51
Q

is H2O absorbed along the ducts

A

No

52
Q

what is the flow rate along the salivary ducts

A

slow (allows for more reabsorption)

53
Q

is electrolyte composition affected by flow rate in primary secretion

A

No

54
Q

what is the composition of primary secretion

A

Plasma like (isotonic)

55
Q

is electrolyte composition affected by flow rate in secondary secretion

A

yes, much so

56
Q

how does the concentration of K and Na change in secondary secretion due to flow rate

A

high [K]: low flow rate

High [Na]: high flow rate

57
Q

what is the tonicity of secondary secretion

A

Hypotonic

58
Q

where does primary and secondary secretions occur

A

primary: acinar

Secondary; ductal

59
Q

why does bicarb level off in concentration during an increase in flow saliva

A

to keep from getting too basic

60
Q

what is the most abudnace protein in saliva

A

Mucin

61
Q

what glands produce mucin

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

62
Q

what is mucin rich in

A

Carbs

63
Q

what is the roll of mucin

A

salivary viscosity

64
Q

what galnds produce amylase

A

parotid gland

65
Q

how is amylase packaged

A

Zymogen granules

66
Q

what is the roll of amylase

A

breakdown of starch

67
Q

what are the immun associated proteins of the saliva

A

Muramidase
Immunoglobulin
Lactoferrin

68
Q

what is the action of muramidase

A

lyze muramic acid in the cell wall of many bacteria

69
Q

what is the roll of lactoferrin

A

Binds iron

70
Q

what are the Calcium binding proteins of saliva

A

PRP, TRP, cystatins, histatins

71
Q

what is the roll of calcium binding proteins

A

promote mineralization of enamel

72
Q

what is the roll of EGF in saliva

A

stimulates gastric growth

73
Q

what is the roll of NGF in saliva

A

important for sympathetic nervous system

74
Q

how does the sympathetic system affect the salivary glands

A

acts on the blood vessels

75
Q

what does the parasympathetic gland ac on

A 
Glands of palate and nose
sublingual gland
submandibular gland
Parotid glands
Lingual glands
76
Q

what does CN VII (facial nerve) innervate

A

Glands of the palate and nose
Sublingual
Submandibular galnd

77
Q

what does the glossopharygneal (CN IX) innervate

A

parotid glands

lingual glands

78
Q

what parts of the glandular system does the ANS act on

A

Acinar cells
Ductal cells
Blood vessels (vaso dilation and constriction)
Myoepithelial cells (contractive properties)

79
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic

A

Acetylcholine

80
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for sympa

A

norepinephrine

81
Q

what are the other neurotransmitters for salivation

A

Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide

Neuropeptide Y and calcitonin Gene relate peptide

82
Q

what are the mechanoreceptors of the salivary reflex

A

periodontal ligaments

taste buds

83
Q

where do afferent impulses of the salivary reflexes travel

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Glassopharyngeal

84
Q

where do silvary reflexes synpase

A

trigeminal and solitary nucleus

85
Q

what does parasympathetic stimulation do to salivary acinar cells

A

release Ach onto salivary acinar cells and results in a watery plasma like secretion via a secondary messenger pathway

86
Q

what are the important internal signals for salivary secretion in response to parasympa

A 
Ca released in the cell
vauses K and Cl channels to open
icnrease luminal Cl concentraion
Intercellular sodium follows
Water follows
87
Q

what is the mehanisms of protein secretion intracellularily

A

Uses GTP with PKA

88
Q

what receptors are activated for salivary secretion

A

Muscarinic or alpha-adrenergic receptor activation

89
Q

what is the primary neurotransmitter for salivary secretion

A

Acetylcholine (some effect of norepinephrine via alpha adrenergic receptor)

90
Q

binding of acetylcholine leads to

A

Opening of Ca sensitive Cl and K chennel

increase flow rate and decreased ductal modifiaction

91
Q

what channels does aceylcholine act on

A

Muscarinic

Alpha-adrenergic

92
Q

what knid of saliva does norepinephrine produce

A

Protein rich

93
Q

what receptor does Noepinephrine act on

A

Beta-adrenergic receptor

94
Q

what are the causes of Xerostomia

A

Aging
drugs (diueretics, antidepressats, antihistamines, antihypertensives, anti-cholinergic drugs)
radiation
Sjorgren’s sydrome

95
Q

how does one manage xerostomia

A

stimulate muscarinic receptors (Pilocarpine - ach agonist)

treat symptoms

96
Q

wheree is most water absorbed

A

into blood in small intestine followed by large intestine

97
Q

what is the structure of GI tissue

A

Villus

Microvilli

98
Q

what fills the villus of GI

A

Lacteal

Capillaries

physiology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions