cardiovascular in health and disease

Question 1

what does a loss of blood lead to

Answer 1

immediate reduction in MAP

Question 2

what does the body due to hypotension

Answer 2

increase Cardiac output and peripheral resistnance

Question 3

what happens to the capillaries due to reduced MAP

Answer 3

increase absorption and reduces filtration via constriction

= protect blood volume

Question 4

what does vasocontriction due to pressure drops

Answer 4

causes a much greater pressure drop over capillary

Question 5

does the hemocrit change imediately after hemorrhage

Answer 5

No, stays the same

Question 6

is the hemocrit different after 18 hours of hemorhage

Answer 6

it is lower than normal due to the time it takes for RBC to come around, but lots of plasma to make up blood volume

Question 7

causes of hypotension

Answer 7

Hemorrhage
Allergic response 
 - histamine release -> vasodilation
emo stress
decreased CO
fluid loss (salt and water from diarrhea and vomiting)

Question 8

how can emo stress lead to hypotension

Answer 8

Decreased sympa and increased parasymp

= vasovagal sncope

Question 9

what is the goal of increasing MAP

Answer 9

to get blood to the heart and brain, decompensating the rest of the organs

Question 10

what is shock

Answer 10

A situation in which a decrease in blood flow to organs and tissues damages them

Question 11

what is hypovoemic shock

Answer 11

a great decrease in venous return

Question 12

what are the types of shock

Answer 12

Hyopvolemic
Low resistance
Cardiogenic

Question 13

how does the different ways of resting affect effective circulating blood volume

Answer 13

Lying is least
sitting
standing is most

Question 14

what is the venous pressure at a given point

Answer 14

Cardiac generation of pressure +

Press eq to the weight of the column of blood to the point measured

Question 15

what helps to avoid the build up of extra lymphatic fluid in the body and encourage venous return to heart

Answer 15

skeletal muscles pump

Question 16

how does CO chnage with exercise

Answer 16

Inceases from 5L/min to 35L/min

Question 17

how does Total peripheral rsistnace change in exercise

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

how does the veins help with blood flow to the heart during exercise

Answer 18

Venoconstriction

Question 19

what does the body do to the baroreceptors during exercise

Answer 19

Chemo and mechanoreceptors in cardiovascular center reset the set point to change CO and blood flow distribution

Question 20

what is the max oxygen consumption

Answer 20

Vo2 Max

Question 21

what happens at Vo2 max

Answer 21

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 22

what limits Vo2 max

Answer 22

Cardiac output
respiratory system delivery of O2
Exercising muscle ability to use O2

Question 23

what is the limiting factor of Vo2 max

Answer 23

CO (except for highly trained athletes)

Question 24

what is hypertension

Answer 24

Chronically increased systemic arterial blood pressure (greater than 140/90)

Question 25

what does Hypertension result from

Answer 25

increased CO

increased Total peripheral resistnace

Question 26

what is the hormone response of hypertension

Answer 26

Increased renin release in kindeys

increased angiontesnion II release

Question 27

what does hypertension eventually lead to

Answer 27

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Stroke

Question 28

what is the main drug to treat heart failure

Answer 28

Beta blockers

Question 29

what is heart failure

Answer 29

The heart fails to pump an adequate CO

Question 30

what is distolic dysfunction

Answer 30

reduced ventricular compliance
increased End diastolic pressure
decreased EDV
decreased Stroke volume

Question 31

what is systolic dysfunction

Answer 31

decrase in cardiac contractility

• lower stroke volume
• lower end diastolic volume

Question 32

ramifications of heart failure

Answer 32

less rapid dischage of afferent barorectpros
increased HR
icnreased TPR
fluid retention
pulmonary edema

Question 33

can you increase stroke volume and increase HR separately

Answer 33

No