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General A&P > The skeletal system > Flashcards

The skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 specific tissue types of the skeletal system

A
  1. Compact bone 2. Spongy bone 3. Cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage)
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2
Q

What are 5 functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Mineral storage 5. Hemopoiesis
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3
Q

What mineral is stored in the bones

A

calcium

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4
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

blood cell production

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5
Q

How many bones are in the human skeleton

A

206

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6
Q

What are the 4 categories of bone based on shape

A
  1. Long bones 2. Short bones 3. Flat bones 4. Irregular bones
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7
Q

Long bones

A

greater in length than width

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8
Q

What is the most common bone shape

A

Long bone

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9
Q

3 examples of long bones

A
  1. Femur 2. Tibia 3. Fibula
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10
Q

Short bones

A

Length is equal to the width

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11
Q

3 examples of short bones

A
  1. Patella 2. Carpals 3. Tarsals
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12
Q

Flat bones

A

Flat, thin, slightly curved bones

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13
Q

What bone shape provides the surfaces for muscle attachment

A

Flat bones

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14
Q

3 examples of flat bones

A
  1. Sternum 2. Clavicle 3. Scapula
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15
Q

Irregular bones

A

Elaborate complex shapes

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16
Q

3 examples of irregular bones

A
  1. Hyoid 2. Pelvic bones 3. Facial bones
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17
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long shaft of bone

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18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow area within diaphysis

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19
Q

Epiphyses

A

Bone

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20
Q

Articular cartilage

A

layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphyses

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21
Q

Metaphysis

A

Region between epiphysis and diaphysis

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22
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Growth plate

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23
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that surrounds bone

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24
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane that lines inner surfaces of bone

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25
Q

Where are the osteoblasts and osteoclasts found

A

Periosteum and Endosteum

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26
Q

What 3 things do short, flat, irregular bones not have

A
  1. Epiphyses 2. Diaphysis 3. Medullary cavity
27
Q

What is the external surface of short, flat, and irregular bones

A

Compact bone surrounded by periosteum

28
Q

What is the interior of short, flat, and irregular bones

A

Spongy bone and the spaces are lined by endosteum

29
Q

Bone marrow

A

soft CT of bone, includes red and yellow bone marrow

30
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Hemopoietic tissue (blood cell producing)

31
Q

Distribution of red bone marrow varies between _____ and ______

A

children and adults

32
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

mostly fat

33
Q

What are the organic components of bone

A

Proteoglycans and collagen

34
Q

What gives bone tensile strength

A

Collagen

35
Q

What are the inorganic components of bone

A

Calcium salts

36
Q

What gives bone its hardness

A

Calcium salts

37
Q

What is the process through which bones are formed

A

Ossification

38
Q

The boney skeleton forms through what 2 processes

A
  1. Intramembranous ossification 2. Endochondral ossification
39
Q

Intramembranous ossification forms from

A

membranes

40
Q

What are 2 bones formed by intramembranous ossification

A
  1. Flat bones of skull 2. Clavicles
41
Q

Endochondral ossification forms from

A

hyaline carilage model

42
Q

Most of the bones in the body are formed from

A

Endochondral Ossification

43
Q

Length-wise growth of bones

A

Interstitial bone growth

44
Q

Where does interstitial bone growth occur

A

epiphyseal plates

45
Q

When does interstitial growth stop

A

When the epiphyseal plates completely ossify

46
Q

Width-wise growth of bones

A

Appositional bone growth

47
Q

What 2 places does appositional bone growth occur

A

Periosteum and Endosteum

48
Q

Appositional growth can happen throughout ______

A

A person’s lifetime

49
Q

About _____ of the skeleton is replaced yearly

A

20%

50
Q

What 2 things affect bone adaptation

A
  1. Physical stress 2. Hormones
51
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Bones will remodel based on stress placed on them

52
Q

Bones serve as a storage site for what mineral

A

calcium

53
Q

What is Normal blood calcium

A

9-11 mg/dl

54
Q

What can result from both hypo- and hypercalcemia

A

Death

55
Q

Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) triggers the release of what hormone from the parathyroid glands

A

Parathyroid Hormone

56
Q

When Parathyroid Hormone is released what happens in the bones

A

Increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium into the blood stream

57
Q

Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) trigger the release of what hormone from the thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

58
Q

When Calcitonin is released what happens in the bones

A

Decreases osteoclast activity to store more calcium in the bones

59
Q

What are the 4 stages of healing a bone

A
  1. Hematoma formation 2. Soft callous formation 3. Hard callous formation 4. Bone remodeling
60
Q

Hematoma formation

A

Blood flows to damaged area

61
Q

Soft callous formation

A

Cartilaginous filler that patches damage

62
Q

Hard callous formation

A

Cartilage replaced by boney tissue

63
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work to restore bone shape

General A&P (23 decks)

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