Intro to A&P Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of structures in the human body
Physiology
Study of functions of the human body
How many levels of Biological organization
6
What are the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest
- Chemicals 2. Cells 3. Tissues 4. Organs 5. Organ Systems 6. Organisms
How many organ systems are in the human body
11
What organ system contains the Skin and provides protection
Integumentary system
What organ system contains the bones and provides protection, support, and hemopoiesis
Skeletal system
What organ system contains the muscles and provides movement and body temperature regulation
Muscular system
What organ system contains the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nervous system
What organ system contains the glands and provides control/regulation
Endocrine system
What organ system contains the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
What organ system contains the spleen and lymph nodes and provides immune protection
Lymphatic system
What organ system contains the lungs and air ways
Respiratory system
What organ system contains the GI tract and accessory organs
Digestive system
What organ system contains the Kidneys and bladder
Urinary system
What organ system contains the gonads
Reproductive system
What is the body’s way of maintaining a stable state
Homeostasis
What happens when conditions in the body are not maintained
Homeostatic imbalance/ illness
What are the 2 ways homeostasis can be regulated
- Intrinsic regulation 2. Extrinsic Regulation
Homeostasis is regulated by
feedback mechanisms
Intrinsic regulation
Cell, tissue, or organ responds to change automatically
Extrinsic regulation
nervous or endocrine system initiates change throughout the body
What are the 3 parts of a feedback mechanism
- Receptor 2. Control Center 3. Effector
Receptor
A sensor that responds to a particular stimulus/ change
Control Center
Receives/ processes input from receptors, determines body’s normalcy, sends out commands
Effector
Cell or organ that responds to commands from control center
What are the 2 types of feedback mechanisms
- Negative feedback 2. Positive feedback
Negative feedback
mechanism opposes the stimulus
Positive feedback
mechanism enhances the stimulus until climactic event occurs
What is an example of negative feedback
blood glucose
What is an example of positive feedback
Uterine contractions
What are the characteristics of Standard Anatomical Position
- Standing 2. Anteriorly facing 3. Palms forward
Internal organs are housed within enclosed
spaces or cavities
What are the 2 major body cavities
- Ventral 2. Dorsal
The dorsal cavity contains what two cavities
- Cranial Cavity 2. Vertebral Cavity
The ventral cavity contains what two cavities
- Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic
The thoracic cavity houses what two cavities
- Pleural (lungs) 2. Mediastinum (heart and thyamus)
The abdominopelvic cavity houses what two cavities
- Abdominal (stomach and intestines) 2. Pelvic (bladder)
Subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are lined with
serous membranes
What are the 2 layers of serous membranes
- Parietal 2. Visceral
Parietal layer
lines internal surface of body wall
Visceral layer
covers external surface of organs
What is an example of a serous membrane
pericardium (around the heart)
