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Cardiovascular system- blood vessels/blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries
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2
Q

Transport blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Transport blood toward the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Allow exchange of materials between blood and surrounding tissues

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Layers of blood vessel walls

A

Tunics

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of tunics

A
  1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa
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7
Q

Innermost layer of blood vessel wall

A

Tunica intima

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8
Q

middle layer of blood vessel wall

A

Tunica media

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9
Q

outermost layer of blood vessel wall

A

Tunica externa

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10
Q

The tunica intima is composed of

A

endothelium (mostly simple squamos)

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11
Q

The tunica media is composed of

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

The tunica externa is composed of

A

areolar CT

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13
Q

Inside space of blood vessel

A

Lumen

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14
Q

_____ have thicker tunica media, narrower lumen, and more elastic and collagen fibers

A

arteries

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15
Q

Why do arteries have more elastic and collagen fibers

A

Higher pressure is placed on them

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16
Q

_______ have ticker tunica externa, wider lumen, and less elastic and collagen fibers

A

Veins

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17
Q

What do veins have to prevent backflow of blood

A

valves

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18
Q

______ walls consist only of tunica intima layer

A

capillaries

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19
Q

Arteries get

A

progressively smaller as they lead into capillary beds (carry blood away from heart)

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of arteries from largest to smallest

A
  1. Elastic arteries 2. Muscular arteries 3. Arteriols
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21
Q

Move blood from the heart to smaller arteries and have lots of elastic fivers that allow them to stretch

A

Elastic arteries

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22
Q

Distribute blood to specific regions and organs and have thickest tunica media

A

Muscular arteries

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23
Q

Smallest arteries that feed into capillary beds

A

Arteriols

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24
Q

Capillaries form beds between

A

Arteries and Veins

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25
Q

Veins get progressively ______ as they exit the capillary bed

26
Q

What are the 2 types of veins from smallest to largest

A
  1. Venules 2. Veins
27
Q

Smallest veins

28
Q

Get larger as they lead to the heart and serve as a major blood reservoir

29
Q

If BP is too low

A

exchange at capillary beds is inadequate

30
Q

If BP is too high

A

can damage vessels over time

31
Q

Force per unit area that blood exerts against the inside wall of a vessel

A

Blood pressure

32
Q

Change in blood pressure from one end of blood vessel to its other end

A

Blood pressure gradient

33
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

anything that slows the flow of blood

34
Q

For circulation to occur the circulatory pressure must overcome total ________

A

peripheral resistance

35
Q

What 3 factors determine peripheral resistance

A
  1. Vascular resistance 2. Blood viscosity 3. Turbulence
36
Q

forces that oppose blood flow within vessels

A

Vascular resistance

37
Q

Thickness of blood

A

blood viscosity

38
Q

Affects laminar flow of blood

A

turbulence

39
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

Pressure of blood pulsing through the arteries

40
Q

Pressure is higher in _____ than _____

A

arteries than veins

41
Q

Highest pressure is generated during

A

ventricular systole (heart contracting)

42
Q

Lowest pressure is generated during

A

diastole (relaxation)

43
Q

What is the ratio that blood pressure is expressed as

A

systolic/ diastolic

44
Q

What is the average BP for an adult

A

120/80 mm Hg

45
Q

Elevated blood pressure

A

Hypertension

46
Q

If hypertension is is prolonged

A

may damage vessel walls

47
Q

What is a major cause of heart failure

A

Hypertension

48
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

49
Q

Hypotension

A

less than 80/60

50
Q

Hypertension

A

greater than 140/90

51
Q

Hypotension results in what 3 things

A
  1. Fatigue 2. Dizziness 3. Fainting
52
Q

Sudden drop in BP upon changing body position

A

Orthostatic/postural hypotension

53
Q

BP is much _______ in veins than arteries

54
Q

What 2 things help the movement of blood

A
  1. Skeletal pumps 2. Respiratory pumps
55
Q

Muscles in the limbs contract to move blood back toward the heart

A

Skeletal muscle pump

56
Q

Breathing in/out moves blood

A

Respiratory pump

57
Q

What are the two types of blood pressure regulators

A
  1. Neural mechanisms 2. Endocrine mechanisms
58
Q

What are the 4 neural mechanisms that regulate blood pressure

A
  1. Vasomotor centers in medulla oblongata 2. Baroreceptor reflexes 3. Chemoreceptor reflexes 3. Higher brain centers
59
Q

What are the 4 endocrine mechanisms that regulate blood pressure

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone 2. Angiotensin 2 3. Natriuretic peptides 4. Aldosterone
60
Q

What 3 endocrine mechanisms work to raise blood pressure

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone 2. Angiotensin 2 3. Aldosterone

General A&P (23 decks)

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