Cardiovascular system- blood vessels/blood pressure

Question 1

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 1

1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries

Question 2

Transport blood away from the heart

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Transport blood toward the heart

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

Allow exchange of materials between blood and surrounding tissues

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

Layers of blood vessel walls

Answer 5

Tunics

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of tunics

Answer 6

1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa

Question 7

Innermost layer of blood vessel wall

Answer 7

Tunica intima

Question 8

middle layer of blood vessel wall

Answer 8

Tunica media

Question 9

outermost layer of blood vessel wall

Answer 9

Tunica externa

Question 10

The tunica intima is composed of

Answer 10

endothelium (mostly simple squamos)

Question 11

The tunica media is composed of

Answer 11

smooth muscle

Question 12

The tunica externa is composed of

Answer 12

areolar CT

Question 13

Inside space of blood vessel

Answer 13

Lumen

Question 14

_____ have thicker tunica media, narrower lumen, and more elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 14

arteries

Question 15

Why do arteries have more elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 15

Higher pressure is placed on them

Question 16

_______ have ticker tunica externa, wider lumen, and less elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 16

Veins

Question 17

What do veins have to prevent backflow of blood

Answer 17

valves

Question 18

______ walls consist only of tunica intima layer

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

Arteries get

Answer 19

progressively smaller as they lead into capillary beds (carry blood away from heart)

Question 20

What are the 3 types of arteries from largest to smallest

Answer 20

1. Elastic arteries 2. Muscular arteries 3. Arteriols

Question 21

Move blood from the heart to smaller arteries and have lots of elastic fivers that allow them to stretch

Answer 21

Elastic arteries

Question 22

Distribute blood to specific regions and organs and have thickest tunica media

Answer 22

Muscular arteries

Question 23

Smallest arteries that feed into capillary beds

Answer 23

Arteriols

Question 24

Capillaries form beds between

Answer 24

Arteries and Veins

Question 25

Veins get progressively ______ as they exit the capillary bed

Answer 25

larger

Question 26

What are the 2 types of veins from smallest to largest

Answer 26

1. Venules 2. Veins

Question 27

Smallest veins

Answer 27

Venules

Question 28

Get larger as they lead to the heart and serve as a major blood reservoir

Answer 28

Veins

Question 29

If BP is too low

Answer 29

exchange at capillary beds is inadequate

Question 30

If BP is too high

Answer 30

can damage vessels over time

Question 31

Force per unit area that blood exerts against the inside wall of a vessel

Answer 31

Blood pressure

Question 32

Change in blood pressure from one end of blood vessel to its other end

Answer 32

Blood pressure gradient

Question 33

Peripheral resistance

Answer 33

anything that slows the flow of blood

Question 34

For circulation to occur the circulatory pressure must overcome total ________

Answer 34

peripheral resistance

Question 35

What 3 factors determine peripheral resistance

Answer 35

1. Vascular resistance 2. Blood viscosity 3. Turbulence

Question 36

forces that oppose blood flow within vessels

Answer 36

Vascular resistance

Question 37

Thickness of blood

Answer 37

blood viscosity

Question 38

Affects laminar flow of blood

Answer 38

turbulence

Question 39

Arterial blood pressure

Answer 39

Pressure of blood pulsing through the arteries

Question 40

Pressure is higher in _____ than _____

Answer 40

arteries than veins

Question 41

Highest pressure is generated during

Answer 41

ventricular systole (heart contracting)

Question 42

Lowest pressure is generated during

Answer 42

diastole (relaxation)

Question 43

What is the ratio that blood pressure is expressed as

Answer 43

systolic/ diastolic

Question 44

What is the average BP for an adult

Answer 44

120/80 mm Hg

Question 45

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 45

Hypertension

Question 46

If hypertension is is prolonged

Answer 46

may damage vessel walls

Question 47

What is a major cause of heart failure

Answer 47

Hypertension

Question 48

Low blood pressure

Answer 48

Hypotension

Question 49

Hypotension

Answer 49

less than 80/60

Question 50

Hypertension

Answer 50

greater than 140/90

Question 51

Hypotension results in what 3 things

Answer 51

1. Fatigue 2. Dizziness 3. Fainting

Question 52

Sudden drop in BP upon changing body position

Answer 52

Orthostatic/postural hypotension

Question 53

BP is much _______ in veins than arteries

Answer 53

lower

Question 54

What 2 things help the movement of blood

Answer 54

1. Skeletal pumps 2. Respiratory pumps

Question 55

Muscles in the limbs contract to move blood back toward the heart

Answer 55

Skeletal muscle pump

Question 56

Breathing in/out moves blood

Answer 56

Respiratory pump

Question 57

What are the two types of blood pressure regulators

Answer 57

1. Neural mechanisms 2. Endocrine mechanisms

Question 58

What are the 4 neural mechanisms that regulate blood pressure

Answer 58

1. Vasomotor centers in medulla oblongata 2. Baroreceptor reflexes 3. Chemoreceptor reflexes 3. Higher brain centers

Question 59

What are the 4 endocrine mechanisms that regulate blood pressure

Answer 59

1. Antidiuretic hormone 2. Angiotensin 2 3. Natriuretic peptides 4. Aldosterone

Question 60

What 3 endocrine mechanisms work to raise blood pressure

Answer 60

1. Antidiuretic hormone 2. Angiotensin 2 3. Aldosterone