Integument system Flashcards
What type of membrane is the skin
cutaneous
What are the 2 layers of the skin
- Epidermis 2. Dermis
What are the 5 functions of the integument system
- Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Role in vitamin D production 4. Protects against excessive water loss or gain 5. Sensation
What is the most superficial skin layer
Epidermis
The epidermis is _____ and ______
avascular and innervated
What type of cells is the epidermis composed of
stratified squamous epithelium
How many layers is typically in the epidermis
4
How many layers are in the epidermis of the palmar and plantar regions
5
What are the 5 epidermal layers from deepest to most superficial
- Stratum basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum
What is the epidermal layer that only the palmar and plantar regions have
Stratum lucidum
Which epidermal layer creates new skin cells
Stratum basale
Which epidermal layer is the clear layer
Stratum lucidum
Which epidermal layer is composed of keratinocytes
Stratum corneum
In which epidermal layer does fiberous keratin start to form
Stratum spinosum
In which epidermal layer do the cells start to flatten
Stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes
Keratin filled squamos cells
What is the most abundant epidermal cell type
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
cells that produce the pigment melanin
What are 2 functions of melanin
- Gives skin pigment 2. Protects against UV radiation
Dendritic cells
Immune cells
Merkel cells
Receptor cells
Where are hair follicles found
Dermis
Where are glands mainly found
Dermis
What is the bundle of smooth muscle tissue that causes goosebumps called
Arrector pili muscle
What layer of skin is deep to the epidermis
Dermis
The dermis is _____ and ______
vascular and innervated
What type of tissues is the dermis composed of
connective tissues
What are the 2 sublayers of the dermis
- Papillary dermis 2. Reticular dermis
What is the most superficial dermal layer
Papillary dermis
What is the deeper and thicker dermal layer
Reticular Dermis
What type of connective tissue makes up the papillary dermis
areolar connective tissue
What type of connective tissue makes up the reticular dermis
dense irregular connective tissue
What are the wavy projections on the surface of the papillary dermis called
papillae
What layer of the dermis creates finger prints
Papillary Dermis
What do blood vessels do when body temp drops below the set point
constrict
What do blood vessels do when body temp rises above the set point
dilate
What layer is not a true layer of skin
hypodermis
What type of connective tissue makes up the hypodermis
adipose connective tissue
What are 3 functions of adipose connective tissue
- Energy storage 2. Insulation 3. Protection
What are the two most common exocrine glands of the skin
- sudoriferous/ sweat glands 2. sebaceous glands
What are the 2 subtypes of sudoriferous/ sweat glands
- Eccrine 2. Apocrine
Where are eccrine glands found
everywhere
What do eccrine glands secrete
Mostly water and some electrolytes
Where are apocrine glands found
The axillary and anogenital regions
What do apocrine glands secrete
water, proteins, and lipids which are fed on by bacteria to cause B.O.
What do sebaceous glands secrete
sebum/oil
What are the 2 functions of sebaceous glands
- Lubricate skin and hair 2. form acid mantle
What two places do not have sebaceous glands
Palmar and Plantar regions
When are sebaceous glands activated
Puberty
What do ceruminous glands secrete
cerumen/ear wax
What do mammary glands secrete
breast milk
In what two ways are tissues repaired
- regeneration 2. Fibrosis
Regeneration
Lost cells replaced by same cell type
Fibrosis
Lost cells replaced by scar tissue
1st degree burns affect the
epidermis
2nd degree burns affect the
epidermis and upper dermis
3rd degree burns affect the
entire skin
Rule of Nines
Used to asses the extent of burns on the body
What is the most common form of cancer
Skin
What are the 3 common types of skin cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Malignant melanoma
What is the least dangerous skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
What is the most dangerous skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
What are the ABCDE of skin cancer
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Evolution