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Germany History A-Level > the responsibility of other countries > Flashcards

the responsibility of other countries Flashcards

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1
Q

how did intl politics incluence the move towards war?

A
  • ideological differences
  • the League of Nations
  • actions of individual nations
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2
Q

what was the most significant ideological divide?

A

divide between communist Russia and the capitalist West

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3
Q

what had the USSR set up to spread communism worldwide?

A

Comintern

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4
Q

what did the setting up of Comintern lead to?

A

an increase in communist support in the West
communism now became a real threat
- Biennio Rosso in Italy

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5
Q

why did Comintern affect intl relations?

A

the West could not see themselves in an alliance with the communist USSR
DUE TO AN IDEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE

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6
Q

example of the West neglecting relationship with the USSR

A

supporting the Whites in the Russian Civil War
- British troops actively fought for the Whites in the Russian Civil War

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7
Q

which three countries were part of the Anti-Comintern Pact?

A

Nazi Germany
Imperial Japan
Fascist Italy

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8
Q

what were the anti-Comintern nations united by?

A
  • anti-communist beliefs
  • resentment of the TofV
  • rejection of democracy
  • strong belief in militarism
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9
Q

when did Western powers see these nations as dangerous?

A

their dictatorships evolved and became more of a threat to Western powers

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10
Q

why did the Western powers see the USSR as a potential ally?

A

strong leader
strong Red Army

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11
Q

what was collective security?

A

cooperation between countries to solve disputes without the need for war

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12
Q

what was the League of Nations supposed to do?

A

deal with disputes between member nations
ensure peace is being upheld
bring about general disarmament

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13
Q

what were the weaknesses of the LoN?

A

membership
bureaucracy
enforcement

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14
Q

membership

A

not all nations were part of the LoN
made the LoN weak as non-member nations did not have to conform:
- Germany (at first)
- the USSR
- the USA (despite setting the LoN up)

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15
Q

bureacracy

A

needed a significant majority in order to be able to act on events
the LoN were slow in making decisions
economic sanctions were rarely agreed upon

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16
Q

enforcement

A

failed to act quickly and with force made it weak:
- had no army so had to rely on troops of member nations

the lack of enforcement led many countries to hold an aggressive FP knowing they could get away with it

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17
Q

major disputes involving the LoN

A

Mukden Incident
Italian invasion of Abyssinia
Spanish Civil War
Sino-Japan War
USSR invasion of Finland

18
Q

Mukden Incident

A

1931
Japanese invaded ans annexed Manchuria
LoN protested but Japan ignored the protests
Japan left the LoN in 1933

19
Q

Italian invasion of Abyssinia

A

1935
Italy annexed Abyssinia
LoN set economic sanctions on Italy
Hoare-Laval Pact showed LoN members bypassing the LoN to form an agreement with Italy
Italy fully annexed Abyssinia in 1936
LoN does nothing

20
Q

Spanish Civil War

A

1936
as it was a civil war the LoN did not intervene
the LoN told Italy not to interevene
BUT
when it was clear Italian troops were being used to help Franco
the LoN failed to intervene

21
Q

Sino-Japanese War

A

1937
neither country was a member of the LoN
the LoN could do nothing

22
Q

USSR invasion of Finland

A

1939
LoN intervened and urged the USSR to withdraw
they didn’t
the USSR was then expelled from the LoN

23
Q

when did the USSR join the LoN?

A

1934
however Western powers maintained their suspicions

24
Q

what was Britain’s attitude to German relations?

A

they avoided an alliance
instead they looked to appease Germany in the hope of maintaining peace in Europe

25
Q

what were the reasons for British appeasement?

A
  • British people did not want another war
  • Britain did not believe all of her colonies would fight against Germany (Australia and SA said no in 1938)
  • war would interfere with Britain’s trade and colonies
  • colonial unrest in India and Egypt seemed more important
26
Q

what led Britain to prepare for war?

A

Kristallnacht in November 1938
led to hardened political and public opposition to the persecution of Jews

invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1939

27
Q

why did British appeasement contribute to war?

A

it allowed Germany, Italy and Japan to militarise and adopt an expansionits FP which sought for war for conquest

the British had the power and the means to prevent a war if it had been more interventionist

28
Q

what showed France’s fear of a German invasion?

A

the construction of the defences at the Maginot Line
alliances with European state

29
Q

why did France become weak before the war?

A
  • new left-wing government
  • colonial issues
  • economic problems
30
Q

why did French appeasement contribute to war?

A

same as with British

31
Q

why was the Pact of Steel encouragement for Hitler to pursue war?

A

he had a total and complete ally in Italy who he could get military support from in Europe
gave him reassurance

32
Q

why was the Nazi-Soviet Pact important for Stalin?

A

he needed time for his Red Army to be war ready
he was fighting a war with Japan, so didn’t want to be fighting a war on two fronts if Germany got involved

33
Q

what led Stalin to puruse better relations with Western powers?

A

the signing of the non-aggression pact between the Nazis and Poland
Stalin tried to make allies with the Western powers

34
Q

which Western power denied Stalin any form of alliance and why?

A

Britain
did not want a communist ally for ideological reason

35
Q

example of Stalin being humiliated by Western powers

A

not being invited to the Munich Conference in 1938

36
Q

why was USA’s Neutrality Act in 1937 encouraging for Hitler?

A

he knew that the US would remain neutral over a war in Europe and thus felt more reassured about beating France and Britain

37
Q

why was Japan an important ally for Hitler?

A

could cause problems for the USSR in a war as Japan held a front against the USSR
could also cause problems for the USA due to it’s close proximity

38
Q

concl of the role of countries

A

the concessions made by Britain, France, the USSR and the USA allowed Germany and her allies to strengthen as well as the feeling of being ‘unstoppable’ with no Western power playing an active role in military resistance to Nazi FP being expansionist

39
Q

what other influences affected the likelihood of war?

A

the Wall Street Crash ——> the Great Depression
domestic circumstances

40
Q

the Wall Street Crash ——> the Great Depression

A

created discontent in Germany which led to more support for the Nazis

countries such as Britain traded domestically to recover, so less foreign trade with countries such as the USSR and Germany

41
Q

domestic circumstances

A

rearmament had helped boost the German economy out of the depression

Hitler had to live up to expectations set by the German people, industrialists and his own Nazi Party

the rise of anti-Semitism led to worsening relations with Britain and France who felt more inclined to go to war

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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