Nazi reisistance and opposition

Question 1

what happened to the communist movement under the Nazis?

Answer 1

it went underground

Question 2

examples of communist cells in Nazi Germany?

Answer 2

Uhrig Group
Rote Kapelle

Question 3

what was Rote Kapelle?

Answer 3

communist spy network within the Nazi state which passed information to the USSR

Question 4

what would Rote Kapelle do to spread anti-Nazi sentiment?

Answer 4

produced pamphlets which which attacked the Nazi government

Question 5

why did the German communist groups fail?

Answer 5

• their public image was tainted due to their relationship with the USSR (less public support)
• they were left isolated during the war with little support
• the Nazi-Societ Pact in 1939 contradicted their own claims

Question 6

concl for communist opposition to the Nazis

Answer 6

there was limited active resistance
it was more focussed on self preservation and preparation for Soviet liberation

Question 7

how many of the Catholic clergy were harrassed by the Nazis?

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

who were the main clerics who voiced opposition to the Nazis?

Answer 8

Dietrich Bonhoeffer
von Galen
Alfred Delp

Question 9

role of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Answer 9

he helped Jews emigrate in the 1940s
he actively worked in resistance movements until his arrest in 1943

Question 10

when was Bonhoeffer hanged?

Answer 10

April 1945

Question 11

role of von Galen

Answer 11

delivered 3 sermons which attacked the Nazi euthanasia policy in 1941
led to the policy being rescinded
public prevented his arrest

Question 12

conl church opposition to Nazis

Answer 12

again they were concerned more with self-preservation
wanted to maintain property and wealth of their institutions

they never publicly condemned the anti-Semitism in Germany

Question 13

what was the main youth opposition group?

Answer 13

the White Rose

Question 14

who led the White Rose?

Answer 14

Sophie Scholl

Question 15

what acts of opposition did White Rose do?

Answer 15

hand out leaflets which criticised the Nazi regime

more directed to students - Munich University

Question 16

when were 6 members of the White Rose executed?

Answer 16

February 1943

the Gestapo had tracked down many of the key members of the grou[

Question 17

when were 6 members of the White Rose executed?

Answer 17

February 1943

the Gestapo had tracked down many of the key members of the group

Question 18

why did the German army become the main source of right-wing opposition to the Nazis?

Answer 18

they had the freedom from total Nazi control, unlike rest of Nazi society

they also had access to arms and influential people in upper society for support

Question 19

what was the main reason for increased resistance from the German army?

Answer 19

military defeats in Russia made many generals question Hitler’s direction for Germany

they did not like the fact that Hitler was in charge of war planning and tactics, Hitler would often ignore commanders

many were concerned by the anti-Semitic stance taken by the Nazis and were also worried about the power of the Waffen-SS

Question 20

what was the Kreisau Circle?

Answer 20

group of officers, civil servants and aristocrats who discussed plans for a new Germany

Question 21

main members of the Kreisau Circle

Answer 21

Graf von Moltke
Goerdeler - mayor of Leipzig
Beck

Question 22

what did the Kreisau Circle draw up in August 1943?

Answer 22

Basic Principles for the New Order

called for the integration of Germany into Europe

Question 23

when was the July Bomb Plot?

Answer 23

20 July 1944

Question 24

who attempted to assassinate Hitler in the bomb plot?

Answer 24

Colonel von Stauffenberg

example of army figure who did not support the Nazis

Question 25

how many supporters of the attempted coup were executed?

Answer 25

5000

Question 26

key resistance members executed in aftermath of Bomb Plot

Answer 26

Stauffenberg
Beck
Rommel (forced to commit suicide)
Moltke

Question 27

concl on resistance and opposition by right-wing elite

Answer 27

ultimately failed to overthrow Hitler

they had realised that Hitler had to go too late, after the failures of Stalingrad and in Africa

army was stuck with Hitler- due to military oath which meant that entire army could not oppose

most army generals were fierce Nazis (Albert Kesselring) who supported Nazi racial policy

NAZI SECURITY STATE TOO POWERFUL