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Germany History A-Level > the collapse of the Weimar Republic > Flashcards

the collapse of the Weimar Republic Flashcards

1
Q

who was Chancellor of Germany in 1929?

A

Hermann Muller

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2
Q

what did the Young plan outline?

A
  • reparations were extended to 1988
  • the total amount of reparations were dropped to £1.85 billion
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3
Q

who disagreed with the Young Plan?

A

the right-wing

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4
Q

what issue did the right-wing have with the Young Plan?

A

reparations still existed

therefore Germany’s war guilt was still being affirmed

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5
Q

who was the leader of the DNVP?

A

Alfred Hugenberg

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6
Q

what had Hugenberg created?

A

a national committe which opposed the Young Plan

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7
Q

what was the national committee set up by Hugenberg called?

A

the National Opposition

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8
Q

who did Hugenberg look to for support?

A
  • the Pan-German league
  • Hitler and the Nazi party
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9
Q

what did the National Opposition draft?

A

the ‘Law against the Enslavement of the German People’

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10
Q

what did the ‘Law against the Enslavement of the German People’ do?

A

denounce all reparations and demanded the punishment of ministers who agreed with them

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11
Q

what did the National Opposition push for?

A

a referendum regarding the Young Plan

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12
Q

what was the outcome of the referendum on the Young Plan?

A

the National Opposition only won 5.8 million votes

21 million were needed

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13
Q

what was significant about the National Opposition?

A

it had brought together many right-wing opponents to the Weimar Republic

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14
Q

why had the National Opposition been significant for the Nazi Party?

A
  • their membership rose
  • Nazism was propelled into German society
  • gave the Nazi Party access to Hugenberg’s media empire
  • wide use of propaganda to a great effect in gathering German support
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15
Q

when was Muller’s Grand Coalition brought down?

A

March 1930

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16
Q

what brought down Muller’s Grand Coalition?

A

issues of finance

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17
Q

what were the financial issues faced by Muller’s govt?

A

whether to support the SPD or DVP

the SPD wanted to increase welfare support
the DVP wanted to reduce benefits in favour of supporting big business

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18
Q

who followed Muller as Chancellor?

A

Heinrich Bruning

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19
Q

who started to exploit President Hindenburg and his powers?

A

Oskar von Hindenburg
Major General Kurt von Schleicher

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20
Q

why was Bruning chosen as the right Chancellor?

A

he was a conservative figure who could be controlled by men like von Schleicher

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21
Q

what did von Schleicher and co look to do with Hindenburg’s powers?

A

they wanted to use Article 48 to create a more authoritarian government

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22
Q

how did Bruning look to deal with the growing economic crisis?

A

he proposed cuts in govt expenditure in order to achieve a more balanced budget

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23
Q

what happened to Bruning’s economic proposals?

A

they were rejected by the Reichstag in July 1930

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24
Q

in response to it’s rejection by the Reichstag, how did Bruning look to pass his economic reform?

A

through the use of Article 48

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25
what did the Reichstag think of Bruning's use of Article 48 to bypass the Reichstag?
they voted for the withdrawal of the reform deadlock formed
26
what did Bruning ask Hindenburg to do to deal with the deadlock in the Reichstag?
he asked Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and then call for a general election in September 1930
27
what was significant about the election in September 1930?
the extreme parties gained major ground the pro-democratic parties had lost a lot of support more extreme party members were given a seat in the Reichstag, meaning a democratic govt was harder to achieve
28
why did the SPD accept Bruning's use of Article 48?
they believed that it was the only way the govt could deal with the threat from the left and right wings
29
what had Bruning's rule effectively become?
a presidential government he was effectively a semi-dictator through the use of Article 48 to force through reform
30
how many laws were passed through using Article 48 in 1931-32?
110
31
how many laws were passed through democratically with Reichstag backing?
39
32
what main measures did Bruning enforce through presidential decree?
- to cut spending drastically - raise taxes
33
why was Bruning labelled the Hunger Chancellor?
he failed to increase demand, instead lowering demand, which led to more unemployed and a decline in state welfare failed to introduce public works schemes
34
what was a public works scheme?
an employment scheme financed by the state to provide more jobs
35
what role did Bruning play in Hindenburg's re-election?
he campaigned heavily for Hindenburg
36
who ran in the 1932 Presidential election?
Hindenburg Hitler Thalmann
37
what was the result of the 1932 Presidential election?
53% for Hindenburg 37% for Hitler
38
how was Hitler's loss in the 1932 Presidential election a success?
he had doubled the Nazi vote he had created a stronger personal image
39
when was Bruning forced to resign?
May 1932
40
for what reasons did Hindenburg force Bruning to resign?
land reform right-wing pressure
41
what unpopular land reform did Bruning try to introduce?
he wanted to turn some Junker estates in east Prussia into 600,000 allotments for unemployed workers
42
who was angered by Bruning's proposed land reform?
landowners and the elite including Hindenburg who himself owned a lot of land
43
who tried to push for Bruning's resignation?
men like von Schleicher who wanted to install a right-wing government
44
why was Bruning able to stay as Chancellor for so long?
solely off of the backing of the President and his use of Article 48 without these, Bruning was a poor Chancellor who epitomised the republic's failure to deal with the economic crisis
45
what had Bruning's chancellorship shown?
it was a period of presidential governance where Germany was ruled by decree and not through democracy paved the way for the Nazis to run a very similar style of government early on
46
who did von Schleicher propose to Hindenburg to be the new chancellor?
Franz von Papen
47
why did von Schleicher see von Papen as the right candidate?
he saw a politician he could easily control and influence von Papen was also close to those in high society
48
what party did von Papen represent?
ZP but he had nationalist views
49
why was von Papen's cabinet labelled the 'cabinet of barons'?
it was made up of aristocratic landowners and industrialists men who didnt even have a seat in the Reichstag
50
with who did von Schleicher and von Papen hope to gain support from?
Hitler and the Nazis
51
what concessions did Hitler want in return for not opposing the government?
- the Reichstag to be dissolved and a general election - end on the govt ban on the SA and SS
52
when was the election arranged?
31 July 1932
53
to what extent did violence play in the Reichstag elections in 1932?
86 people died
54
what did von Papen and von Schleicher use the violence as an excuse to do?
abolish the reigional state of Prussia
55
when did von Papen remove the regional state of Prussia?
20 July 1932
56
what did von Papen appoint himself as?
the Reich Commissioner of Prussia
57
why was the abolishment of the regional govt of Prussia significant?
- it was seen to be unconstitutional - it replaced democracy with presidential authoritarianism - the SPD and trade unions put up little resistance which showed that those who wanted democracy in Germany had little initiative
58
what was the Nazi result in the July 1932 elections?
with 37% of the vote they became the largest party in Germany
59
how many voted pro-democratic parties in the 1932 elections?
39.5%
60
how many voted for the KPD and the NSDAP (the anti-democratic parties)?
51%
61
what was the major conclusion of the 1932 elections?
that the German people had rejected democracy in favour of the extremes
62
why was Hitler unable to become chancellor after the success in the 1932 elections?
von Schelicher and von Papen were in powerful positions from which they could heavily influence the actions of President Hindenburg
63
what happened on the 12 September 1932?
a vote of no confidence in von Papen's government was passed
64
result of von Papen's vote of no confidence
512 to 42
65
what was von Papen's reaction to the vote of no confidence?
he dissolved the Reichstag and called for another election
66
why did von Papen want to call another election?
he new that the Nazis were bankrupt and morale amongst the party was low
67
what was the Nazi result in the November 1932 election?
fall to 33%
68
what was the differing opinion between von Schleicher and von Papen?
von Schleicher saw the importance of winning Nazi support WHILE von Papen was not willing to give Hitler chancellorship in ANY event
69
what did von Schleicher do to convince the President to force von Papen to resign?
he informed the President of the army's lack of confidence in von Papen
70
who followed von Papen as chancellor and when?
2 December 1932 von Schleicher became chancellor
71
how was von Schleicher looking to gain support from the left?
he looked to gain the confidence of the left-wing as well as the trade unions INTRODUCING PUBLIC WORK SCHEMES
72
how was von Schleicher hoping to deal with the Nazis?
he hoped to split the Nazi party up into left and right-wing he would then offer the role of vice-chancellorship to Gregor Strasser who leads the more socialist aspect of the Nazi party
73
how did the left-wing react to von Schleicher's proposals?
they were suspicious of von Schleicher the SPD ordered trade unions to stop negotiations with von Schleicher the proposal of public work schemes backfired on von Schleicher as industrialists and landowners massively disagreed
74
how did the Nazi Party react to von Schleicher's proposals?
Strasser was keen to become vice-chancellor HOWEVER Hitler and Strasser had a massive row which culminated in Hitler forcing Strasser to resign
75
what effect did the split in the Nazi party have on party morale?
the split was a major blow and led to worsening tensions in the party in the run up to 1933
76
who plotted with Hitler to overthrow von Schleicher?
von Papen he was still bitter about the way von Schleicher pushed him out of chancellorship
77
when did Hitler and von Papen have their meeting?
4 January 1933
78
what was agreed upon between von Papen and Hitler at their meeting?
Hitler would be chancellor of a Nazi-Nationalist coalition AND von Papen would be vice-chancellor
79
what did von Papen see Hitler as?
a puppet who could be politically controlled
80
when was Hitler made Chancellor?
30 January 1933

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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