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Germany History A-Level > Nazi racial policy and treatment of untermenschen > Flashcards

Nazi racial policy and treatment of untermenschen Flashcards

1
Q

who were the untermenschen?

A

those who are biologically inferior

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2
Q

what groups were labelled untermenschen?

A

gypsies
slavs
jews
disabled

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3
Q

what did Nazi ideology aspire to do?

A

create an Aryan race with inferior blood removed from society

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4
Q

what was the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring?

A

law which made the sterilisation of those with hereditary diseases compulsory

meant that these people could not reproduce and pass on these diseases

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5
Q

how many people were sterilised by the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring?

A

350,000

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6
Q

when did Hitler introduce euthanasia?

A

1938

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7
Q

who was euthanised at first?

A

those with down syndrome and cerebral palsy

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8
Q

how did the Nazis justify the use of euthanasia?

A

they showed how the cost of caring for psychiatric patients was at the expense of the German people

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9
Q

what was Aktion T4?

A

involuntary euthanasia program carried out by the Nazis on mentally ill patients

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10
Q

what was used to carry out Aktion T4?

A

carbon monoxide gassing

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11
Q

how many were gassed as a result of Aktion T4?

A

70,000

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12
Q

what office was set up to deal with homosexuality?

A

the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
in 1936

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13
Q

what was an asocial?

A

anyone who’s behaviour was unacceptable

were sent to Hashude for re-education

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14
Q

what were homosexuals forced to wear by the Nazis?

A

pink triangles

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15
Q

what did the Nazis do with asocials?

A

labour camps
imprisonment
sterilisation
experimentation

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16
Q

why was the Nazi approach to anti-Semitism seen as gradualist?

A

it started slow and then sped up

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17
Q

what happened on the 1 July 1933?

A

a national boycott of Jewish businesses

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18
Q

when were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

A

September 1935

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19
Q

what did the Nuremberg Laws include?

A
  1. Reich Citizenship Act
  2. Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour
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20
Q

what was the Reich Citizenship Act?

A

Jews lost their citizenship in Germany

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21
Q

what was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour?

A

marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden

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22
Q

when was the ‘Law for the Reconstruction of the Civil Service’ and what did it mean for Jews?

A

April 1933
Jews were excluded from the civil service

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23
Q

when were Jewish doctors banned from practising?

A

July 1936

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24
Q

what was Goebbels’ role in anti-Semitism?

A

he used his role in propaganda to indoctrinate the German people against the Jews

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25
how were posters and signs anti-Semitic?
they were explicitly anti-Jew
26
which newspapers were heavily anti-Semitic?
Der Sturmer Der Angriff both Nazi run
27
how were films anti-Semitic?
films such as the Eternal Jew and Suss the Jew were evidently racist towards Jews
28
how were Jews portrayed in Nazi education?
completely discriminated and violated against
29
why was anti-Semitic violence sporadic early in the Nazi rule?
- the Berlin Olympics - conservative issues
30
which two events exemplified anti-Semitic violence before the war?
Anschluss Kristallnacht
31
when was Anschluss?
March 1938
32
how many Jews were in Austria?
200,000
33
how were Jews humiliated during Anschluss?
they were looted and made to wash buildings and pavements
34
what was the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property?
introduced in April 1938 by Goring any Jewish property worth more than RM5000 was to be registered by the state first step in the Nazi confiscation of Jewish property
35
when was Kristallnacht?
9 November 1938
36
what was Kristallnacht?
a massive pogrom of Jewish people in Germany
37
what had caused Kristallnacht?
the assassination of a German diplomat by a Polish Jew
38
who orchestrated Kristallnacht?
the SS Goebbels
39
how many synagogues were burned down during Kristallnacht?
200
40
what was the Decree to Exclude Jews from German Economic Life?
laid the basis for the segregation of the Jewish and German people
41
who oversaw the Central Office for Jewish Emigration?
Adolf Eichmann
42
how many Jews had Eichmann emigrated in Austria within 6 months?
45,000
43
when was the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration formed?
January 1939
44
who ran the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration?
Heydrich and Eichmann
45
Jewish population in 1933 Germany
500,000
46
Jewish population in 1939 Germany
230,00
47
Jewish population in 1945 Germany
20,000
48
where did most Jews emigrate to before the war?
Palestine Britain USA
49
concl on Nazi racial policy before the war
started slow began to legalise became violent in 1938 introduction of forced emigration affirmed Nazi anti-Semitic sentiment
50
was there much opposition to anti-Semitic legislation?
not really German people either supported or turned a blind eye
51
when and where was the first sealed ghetto?
April 1940 in Lodz
52
when were Jews forced to wear the Yellow Star of David?
September 1941
53
how many Jews in Poland?
3 million
54
what were the SS Einsatzgruppen?
SS units which moved in behind regular infantry would round up and exterminate the Jewish population of annexed territory
55
what was Poland divided into?
Warthegau General Government occupied Soviet zone
56
what was Warthegau?
region annexed by Nazi Germany Poles were deported and the land was Germanised
57
how was the army involved in anti-Semitic behaviour?
it encouraged soldiers to humiliate and torture the Jewish people
58
what were ghettos initially intended for?
the temporary accommodation of Jews until a plan was made
59
what appalling conditions were Jews in ghettos subject to?
food - Jews starved to death disease - poor sanitation and crowdedness heating - Jews froze to death in harsh winters
60
how many Jews died in the first two years of the war?
500,000
61
how did the Nazis look to use Madagascar for Jews?
the island was planned to be used for the holding of the Jewish population was supported by Hitler BUT Germany failed to beat Britain in 1940 so had no control over the seas
62
what were the SS Einsatzgruppen split into?
A B C D
63
how would the SS Einsatzgruppen murder the Jews?
the Jews were ordered to dig up massive hole then they lined up along the edge then soldiers would shoot and the Jews fell straight in any survivors were shot
64
how many Russian Jews were killed by 1941?
600,000
65
when was Zyklon B first tested as a murder weapon?
September 1941 at Auschwitz
66
when was the Wannsee Conference?
20 January 1942
67
who chaired the Wannsee Conference?
Heydrich
68
what was significant about the Wannsee Conference?
in 90 minutes the planned fate of 11 million Jews was decided
69
what was decided at the Wannsee Conference?
- transport of Jews - storage of Jews - methods of extermination
70
examples of mass extermination camps
Auschwitz Sobibor Treblinka
71
how many of the 3 million Polish Jews survived the war?
4,000
72
how many Jews killed in the Holocaust?
6 million
73
what showed that the extermination of the Jewish population was ordered by Hitler?
- the Wannsee Conference was done in Hitler's name - Himmler ordered the SS to exterminate the Jews on orders from the Fuhrer - Heydrich had mentioned that Hitler ordered the extermination of the Jews
74
was the Final Solution systematic or makeshift?
makeshift there was not a clear method of extermination until 1941 THEN THERE WAS A CHANGE a policy of extermination developed

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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