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Germany History A-Level > Nazi racial policy and treatment of untermenschen > Flashcards

Nazi racial policy and treatment of untermenschen Flashcards

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1
Q

who were the untermenschen?

A

those who are biologically inferior

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2
Q

what groups were labelled untermenschen?

A

gypsies
slavs
jews
disabled

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3
Q

what did Nazi ideology aspire to do?

A

create an Aryan race with inferior blood removed from society

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4
Q

what was the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring?

A

law which made the sterilisation of those with hereditary diseases compulsory

meant that these people could not reproduce and pass on these diseases

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5
Q

how many people were sterilised by the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring?

A

350,000

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6
Q

when did Hitler introduce euthanasia?

A

1938

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7
Q

who was euthanised at first?

A

those with down syndrome and cerebral palsy

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8
Q

how did the Nazis justify the use of euthanasia?

A

they showed how the cost of caring for psychiatric patients was at the expense of the German people

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9
Q

what was Aktion T4?

A

involuntary euthanasia program carried out by the Nazis on mentally ill patients

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10
Q

what was used to carry out Aktion T4?

A

carbon monoxide gassing

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11
Q

how many were gassed as a result of Aktion T4?

A

70,000

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12
Q

what office was set up to deal with homosexuality?

A

the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
in 1936

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13
Q

what was an asocial?

A

anyone who’s behaviour was unacceptable

were sent to Hashude for re-education

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14
Q

what were homosexuals forced to wear by the Nazis?

A

pink triangles

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15
Q

what did the Nazis do with asocials?

A

labour camps
imprisonment
sterilisation
experimentation

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16
Q

why was the Nazi approach to anti-Semitism seen as gradualist?

A

it started slow and then sped up

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17
Q

what happened on the 1 July 1933?

A

a national boycott of Jewish businesses

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18
Q

when were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

A

September 1935

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19
Q

what did the Nuremberg Laws include?

A
  1. Reich Citizenship Act
  2. Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour
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20
Q

what was the Reich Citizenship Act?

A

Jews lost their citizenship in Germany

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21
Q

what was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour?

A

marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden

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22
Q

when was the ‘Law for the Reconstruction of the Civil Service’ and what did it mean for Jews?

A

April 1933
Jews were excluded from the civil service

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23
Q

when were Jewish doctors banned from practising?

A

July 1936

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24
Q

what was Goebbels’ role in anti-Semitism?

A

he used his role in propaganda to indoctrinate the German people against the Jews

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25
Q

how were posters and signs anti-Semitic?

A

they were explicitly anti-Jew

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26
Q

which newspapers were heavily anti-Semitic?

A

Der Sturmer
Der Angriff

both Nazi run

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27
Q

how were films anti-Semitic?

A

films such as the Eternal Jew and Suss the Jew were evidently racist towards Jews

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28
Q

how were Jews portrayed in Nazi education?

A

completely discriminated and violated against

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29
Q

why was anti-Semitic violence sporadic early in the Nazi rule?

A
  • the Berlin Olympics
  • conservative issues
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30
Q

which two events exemplified anti-Semitic violence before the war?

A

Anschluss
Kristallnacht

31
Q

when was Anschluss?

A

March 1938

32
Q

how many Jews were in Austria?

A

200,000

33
Q

how were Jews humiliated during Anschluss?

A

they were looted and made to wash buildings and pavements

34
Q

what was the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property?

A

introduced in April 1938 by Goring

any Jewish property worth more than RM5000 was to be registered by the state

first step in the Nazi confiscation of Jewish property

35
Q

when was Kristallnacht?

A

9 November 1938

36
Q

what was Kristallnacht?

A

a massive pogrom of Jewish people in Germany

37
Q

what had caused Kristallnacht?

A

the assassination of a German diplomat by a Polish Jew

38
Q

who orchestrated Kristallnacht?

A

the SS
Goebbels

39
Q

how many synagogues were burned down during Kristallnacht?

A

200

40
Q

what was the Decree to Exclude Jews from German Economic Life?

A

laid the basis for the segregation of the Jewish and German people

41
Q

who oversaw the Central Office for Jewish Emigration?

A

Adolf Eichmann

42
Q

how many Jews had Eichmann emigrated in Austria within 6 months?

A

45,000

43
Q

when was the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration formed?

A

January 1939

44
Q

who ran the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration?

A

Heydrich and Eichmann

45
Q

Jewish population in 1933 Germany

A

500,000

46
Q

Jewish population in 1939 Germany

A

230,00

47
Q

Jewish population in 1945 Germany

A

20,000

48
Q

where did most Jews emigrate to before the war?

A

Palestine
Britain
USA

49
Q

concl on Nazi racial policy before the war

A

started slow
began to legalise
became violent in 1938
introduction of forced emigration affirmed Nazi anti-Semitic sentiment

50
Q

was there much opposition to anti-Semitic legislation?

A

not really
German people either supported or turned a blind eye

51
Q

when and where was the first sealed ghetto?

A

April 1940
in Lodz

52
Q

when were Jews forced to wear the Yellow Star of David?

A

September 1941

53
Q

how many Jews in Poland?

A

3 million

54
Q

what were the SS Einsatzgruppen?

A

SS units which moved in behind regular infantry
would round up and exterminate the Jewish population of annexed territory

55
Q

what was Poland divided into?

A

Warthegau
General Government
occupied Soviet zone

56
Q

what was Warthegau?

A

region annexed by Nazi Germany

Poles were deported and the land was Germanised

57
Q

how was the army involved in anti-Semitic behaviour?

A

it encouraged soldiers to humiliate and torture the Jewish people

58
Q

what were ghettos initially intended for?

A

the temporary accommodation of Jews until a plan was made

59
Q

what appalling conditions were Jews in ghettos subject to?

A

food - Jews starved to death
disease - poor sanitation and crowdedness
heating - Jews froze to death in harsh winters

60
Q

how many Jews died in the first two years of the war?

A

500,000

61
Q

how did the Nazis look to use Madagascar for Jews?

A

the island was planned to be used for the holding of the Jewish population
was supported by Hitler
BUT
Germany failed to beat Britain in 1940 so had no control over the seas

62
Q

what were the SS Einsatzgruppen split into?

A

A
B
C
D

63
Q

how would the SS Einsatzgruppen murder the Jews?

A

the Jews were ordered to dig up massive hole
then they lined up along the edge
then soldiers would shoot and the Jews fell straight in
any survivors were shot

64
Q

how many Russian Jews were killed by 1941?

A

600,000

65
Q

when was Zyklon B first tested as a murder weapon?

A

September 1941 at Auschwitz

66
Q

when was the Wannsee Conference?

A

20 January 1942

67
Q

who chaired the Wannsee Conference?

A

Heydrich

68
Q

what was significant about the Wannsee Conference?

A

in 90 minutes the planned fate of 11 million Jews was decided

69
Q

what was decided at the Wannsee Conference?

A
  • transport of Jews
  • storage of Jews
  • methods of extermination
70
Q

examples of mass extermination camps

A

Auschwitz
Sobibor
Treblinka

71
Q

how many of the 3 million Polish Jews survived the war?

A

4,000

72
Q

how many Jews killed in the Holocaust?

A

6 million

73
Q

what showed that the extermination of the Jewish population was ordered by Hitler?

A
  • the Wannsee Conference was done in Hitler’s name
  • Himmler ordered the SS to exterminate the Jews on orders from the Fuhrer
  • Heydrich had mentioned that Hitler ordered the extermination of the Jews
74
Q

was the Final Solution systematic or makeshift?

A

makeshift
there was not a clear method of extermination until 1941
THEN THERE WAS A CHANGE
a policy of extermination developed

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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