right-wing opposition to Weimar Flashcards

1
Q

what were the main ideologies of right-wing opposition to the Weimar Republic?

A
  • anti-democratic
  • anti-Marxist
  • authoritarianism
  • nationalism
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2
Q

what did the right-wing have a major issue with?

A

the TofV

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3
Q

what issues did the right-wing have with the Weimar govt?

A

they saw the Weimar govt as criminals who had stabbed Germany in the back
BOTH
by leading Germany to surrender
AND
by accepting the terms of the TofV

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4
Q

which party represented the main right-wing element in the Reichstag?

A

the DNVP

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5
Q

who made up the DNVP?

A

land-owners
industrialists
nationalists

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6
Q

what were Volkisch views?

A

nationalistic views linked with anti-Semitism and racism

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7
Q

what became a haven for right-wing extremism?

A

Bavaria

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8
Q

what was the Freikorps?

A

a paramilitary organisation made up of 200 disbanded units from the demobilisation after WW1in 1919

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9
Q

how were the Freikorps used?

A

they were heavily used by the Weimar Republic to squash left-wing resistance

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10
Q

why did the Freikorps pose a right-wing threat?

A

they were themselves anti-republican and thus against the Weimar Republic

they had no respect for the Weimar Republic

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11
Q

what method of extremism did the right-wing turn to in the early 1920s?

A

assassinations

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12
Q

between 1919-22 how many right-wing assassinations were carried out?

A

354

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13
Q

which Weimar politicians were notably assassinated by right-wing groups?

A

Matthias Erzberger
Walther Rathenau

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14
Q

what were the two right-wing uprisings?

A

the Kapp Putsch
the Munich Beer Hall Putsch

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15
Q

why did the Freikorps adopt an aggressive stance to the Weimar Republic after 1920?

A

with the signing of the TofV, the German Army was forced to downsize which angered the Freikorps massively

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16
Q

who led the Kapp Putsch?

A

Wolgang Kapp
General Luttwitz

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17
Q

how many men marched on Berlin in the Kapp Putsch?

A

12,000

18
Q

when was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

19
Q

who did Ebert request to put down the Kapp Putsch?

A

the Army

20
Q

who was in charge of the German Army?

A

Hans von Seekt

21
Q

what was von Seekt’s response to Ebert’s request for help?

A

von Seekt stated that troops dont fire upon troops
he ordered the army to stand down and not fight with the Freikorps troops

22
Q

what was significant of von Seekt’s refusal to help Ebert?

A

the Army had put it’s interests above the government’s and thus violated the Ebert-Groner pact

23
Q

how was the Kapp Putsch put down?

A

the SPD called for a general strike which prevented the Freikorps in Berlin from surviving
Kapp and his forces would later leave Berlin

24
Q

how was the dealing of the Kapp Putsch a success for Weimar?

A

it had showed the support of the German people by striking
it had prevented a right-wing revolt

25
Q

how was the dealing of the Kapp Putsch a failure for Weimar?

A

it had shown a massive weakness in the Weimar Republic
the Amry had undermined the authority of the government

26
Q

how was von Seekt dealt with after the putsch?

A

he was promoted

27
Q

what had von Seekt done to reform the German Army?

A

he ignored the terms of the TofV by modernising the German Army

28
Q

how had the judiciary been run in the Weimar Republic?

A

it had been given independence from the Weimar constitution
made extremely biased decisions

29
Q

how did the judiciary deal with the Kapp Putsch leaders?

A
  • Kapp died awaiting trial
  • Luttwitz was given early retirement
30
Q

how many were sentenced for crimes committed during the Kapp Putsch?

A

1 in 700

31
Q

who controlled Bavaria in 1923?

A

Gustav von Kahr

32
Q

what had Hitler plotted to do alongside von Kahr?

A

a march on Berlin and a violent revolt to unify Germany
inspired by Mussolini

33
Q

when was the Munich Beer Hall Putsch?

A

8 November 1923

34
Q

what did Hitler declare at the beer hall?

A

a national revolution

35
Q

what was von Seekt’s response to the Putsch?

A

he decided to resist it

36
Q

what happened when Hitler attempted to take Munich?

A

the Bavarian police ended the Putsch

37
Q

how many Nazis were killed during the putsch?

A

14

38
Q

how was the dealing of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch a success for Weimar?

A

it had shown the Republic’s ability to resist a right-wing uprising again

von Seekt did not join the Nazi revolt, thus affirming his position

39
Q

how many years was Hitler sent to prison for?

A

5 but he only server 9 months at Landsberg

40
Q

out of 354 right-wing assassins how many were executed?

A

none

41
Q

out of 22 left-wing assassins how many were executed?

A

10