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Germany History A-Level > pre-war Nazi economy > Flashcards

pre-war Nazi economy Flashcards

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1
Q

why was Hitler’s response to the Great Depression so important?

A

was a major reason why German voters switched to supporting extremists parties such as the Nazi party

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2
Q

who was the President of the Reichsbank between 1933-39?

A

Hjalmer Schacht

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3
Q

why was the appointment of Schacht so important?

A

it reassured the conservative elites that Hitler did not wish to abolish capitalism in Nazi Germany

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4
Q

how did the Nazis take control of capital?

A

they set interests rates at a lower level

there was a rescheduling of large-scale debts of local authorities

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5
Q

what did the Reich Entailed Farm Law outline?

A

debts were reduced by tax concessions for the small farmers

helped improve security of land ownership

BUT meant that farmers suffered greater state control

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6
Q

who was the minister of agriculture?

A

Alfred Hugenberg

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7
Q

between 1934 and 1938 how much tax relief did farmers receive?

A

60 million marks

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8
Q

what measures did Hugenberg introduce?

A
  • made German produce cheaper
  • banned banks from repossessing farms from farmers who were in debt
  • increased import tarrifs
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9
Q

who set up the RNS?

A

Richard Darre

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10
Q

what was the RNS?

A

was set up to regulate food production and the distribution of farm produce

controlled prices

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11
Q

by 1934 how much of German produce was produced in German farms?

A

80%

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12
Q

when was the Law to Reduce Unemployment renewed?

A

June 1933

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13
Q

what was the Reichsarbeitsdienst?

A

the RAD created schemes for unemployed Germans which provided manual work

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14
Q

what schemes did the RAD mainly promote?

A

reforestation
land reclamation
motorisation
building

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15
Q

between 1933 and 1936 how much had public investment been increased by?

A

was tripled

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16
Q

unemployed in 1932?

A

5.6 million

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17
Q

unemployed in 1936?

A

1.6 million

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18
Q

how was Schacht able to control the public deficit?

A

he maintained high taxes
he encouraged private savings

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19
Q

how many km of autobahn were constructed under the Nazis?

A

3000km

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20
Q

under the Nazi economy how much of German industry cartelised by 1936?

A

2/3

the Nazis heavily encouraged cartelisation

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21
Q

when was Schacht’s ‘New Plan’ introduced?

A

September 1934

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22
Q

what was included in Schacht’s ‘New Plan’?

A
  • bilateral trade agreements
  • the Reichsmark
  • Mefo bills
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23
Q

why did Schacht look to prioritise bilateral trade agreements?

A

they did not involve currency exchange as well as allowing Germany to create a foreign influene

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24
Q

who did Germany look to mainly engage in bilateral agreements with?

A

the Balkans

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25
Q

how did Schacht use the Reichsmark to boost it’s value?

A

Germany would only agree to purchase raw materials from a foreign country as long as the country used the Reichsmark to buy goods back

26
Q

what were Mefo bills?

A

money bills which were issued by the government for goods

27
Q

how long were Mefo bills held and what happened to them over time

A

they gained interest of 4% per year
spread across 5 years

28
Q

what were the reasons for the introduction of Mefo bills?

A

to disguise government spending on rearmament

29
Q

by 1936 how much had industrial growth increased?

A

60% from 1933

30
Q

how did the 1935/36 crisis lead to the Four-Year Plan?

A

Balkan nations started asking for money for raw materials that German imported
Schacht did not want to borrow

only alternative was to cut expenditure and press for higher production
stressed the need for Autarky

31
Q

what is a command economy?

A

when the STATE decides what and how much to produce

32
Q

when was rearmament announced?

A

1936

33
Q

what did the Law for the Protection of Retail Trade do for small businesses?

A

stopped the building and expansion of new stores

34
Q

what was the only union in Nazi Germany?

A

the DAF

35
Q

did the DAF have any power?

A

no
led by a high ranking Nazi in Ley
strikes and lockouts were banned

36
Q

how many members of the DAF by 1939?

A

22 million

37
Q

how did Schacht hoped to deal with the rise in expenditure and an increase in the demands for rearmament?

A

he suggested a reduction in arms expenditure and the increase in industrial production to generate more foreign income through exports

38
Q

why was Schacht’s proposed solution rejected by both the Nazi govt and the German Army?

A

rearmament was too large of a commitment for the German Army and it was seen to be the main purpose of the economy

39
Q

who was put in charge of the Second Four-Year Plan?

A

Hermann Goering

40
Q

what timeframe had Hitler outlined for Goering’s command economy?

A
  • the German armed forces were to be ready within 4 years
  • the German economy was to be ready for war within 4 years
41
Q

what were the main aims of the Second Four-Year Plan?

A

rearmament
autarky

42
Q

by how much had Goering been instructed to increase armament production by?

A

300%

43
Q

what arms were in heavy production under Goering?

A

heavy bombers
tanks
submarines
battleships

44
Q

how many submarines did the Navy hope to have by 1947?

A

249

45
Q

what was the total military expenditure by 1939?

A

RM 17.25 billion

46
Q

how did Goering look to increase production of raw materials?

A

raw materials which could not be produced were replaced by alternatives

47
Q

what was rubber replaced by?

A

Buna

48
Q

what was the raw material which was prioritised?

A

synthetic fuel

49
Q

what was the ‘guns or butter’ argument?

A

Hitler had two aims:
- to maintain the support of the people
- to rearm for war

both required opposite policies when it came to the economy

Hitler hoped to be able to balance the two needs
BUT
it turned out that guns had won the argument

50
Q

what was a substitute product called?

A

ersatz

51
Q

why did Schacht resign from his office in November 1937?

A

he was in massive disagreement with the Four-Year Plan

52
Q

how did propaganda try to reduce German food imports?

A

families were encouraged to eat less
AS WELL AS
eating alternatives such as fish and jam which were more available

53
Q

how did industrialists feel about the early Nazi economy?

A

they were in favour of the increased industry as well as the increased workforce and schemes available
coal and steel industries massively benefited

54
Q

which industries suffered from the Second Four-Year Plan?

A

heavy industry

German alternatives were used instead

55
Q

which industries benefitted from the Second Four-Year Plan?

A

electrics
chemicals

56
Q

which company dominated the Nazi chemical industry and what did they produce?

A

IG Farben

produced synthetic substitutes to rubber and oil

57
Q

which company was key in rearmament and transport under the Nazis?

A

Daimler-Benz

produced trucks and aircrafts

58
Q

which company was key for the electrical industry under the Nazis?

A

Siemens

59
Q

was the Nazi regime ever economically prepared for war?

A

NO

it should have focussed fully on war production

60
Q

what was the public reaction to the rearmament?

A

most Germans did not have an issue with rearmament
it had been achieved without a major loss in the consumer goods market as well as no need to raise prices up

61
Q

how much of Germany’s raw materials were still being imported by 1939?

A

1/3

showed that Autarky was not complete

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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