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Germany History A-Level > control and terror (police state + army) > Flashcards

control and terror (police state + army) Flashcards

1
Q

what was the major reason why repression could be carried out so easily by the Nazis?

A

the Decree for the Protection of People and State still remained

gave unlimited emergency powers to the Nazi government

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2
Q

what were the methods by which repression and fear was generated by the Nazis?

A

the security state
concentration camps
the judiciary

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3
Q

when was the SS formed?

A

1925

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4
Q

when did Himmler become the leader of the SS?

A

1929

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5
Q

how many members of the SS in 1933?

A

52,000

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6
Q

who created the Sicherheitsdienst and when was this?

A

Himmler in 1931

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7
Q

what was the role of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)?

A

acted as the Nazi Party’s internal security police

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8
Q

when did Himmler take command of the Gestapo?

A

April 1934

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9
Q

what was Himmler also appointed in April 1934?

A

chief of all German police outside of Prussia

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10
Q

who did Himmler hand control of the Gestapo to?

A

Reinhard Heydrich

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11
Q

what did the SS’s involvement in the Night of the Long Knives show Hitler?

A

it showed the SS as completely loyal to the Nazi Party
it showed the SS’s efficiency in purging the SA

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12
Q

what position was Himmler appointed in 1936 and what did it mean?

A

Reichsfuhrer SS and chief of all German police

all police powers were now unified under Himmler’s control

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13
Q

when was the RSHA formed?

A

September 1939

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14
Q

what was the RSHA?

A

the Reich Security Office

it was an amalgamation of all party and state police organisations involved in police and security

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15
Q

who did Himmler put in charge of the RSHA?

A

Heydrich

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16
Q

what were the main functions of the SS-Police system?

A

policing
intelligence
dealing with opponents
military action

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17
Q

how many Germans were arrested for political crimes between 1933-39?

A

225,000

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18
Q

what was the role of the Kripo?

A

Kriminalpolizei

was responsible for maintaining general law and order

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19
Q

when was the Kripo and Gestapo merged?

A

1936
into SiPo

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20
Q

what was the role of the Gestapo?

A

was the key policing organisation for dealing with political and social enemies of the state

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21
Q

what was the SD in charge of?

A

responsible for intelligence and security

kept files on suspected opponents to the state

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22
Q

how did the SD gain information?

A

through the use of blockwardens and informers
the SD had a large network of Nazi sympathisers in the workplace

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23
Q

how were opponents to the Nazi system dealt with?

A

concentration camps
Dachau was initially used to hold communist and socialist prisoners

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24
Q

which organisation was in charge of the concentration camps?

A

the Totenkopf-Verbände

death head units

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25
after 1936, what changes were made to the prisoners held at camps?
the persecution of asocials, homosexuals, beggars and gypsies meant that the concentration camps grew in size
26
how did concentration camps create fear?
Germans would hear stories about camps such as Dachau and were afraid of ending up there
27
what was the SS split into?
Allgemeine SS Waffen SS SS Totenkopf-Verbände
28
when was the Waffen SS formed?
1938
29
how many Waffen SS by the end of the war?
1 million
30
what were the features of the Waffen SS?
racially pure fanatically loyal committed to Nazi ideologies
31
what was the New Order?
the economical, political and racial integration of Europe under the Nazis
32
how many members of the SS in 1939?
250,000
33
what were the roles of the SS in German society?
security military economy ideology and race
34
how was the SS involved in security?
internal security became a greater problem with more land being taken by the German expansion and therefore more opposition to Nazi rule the SS officers were given more authority to deal with this
35
how was the SS involved in the military?
the Waffen SS expanded to 35 divisions by 1945 by 1944 it began to rival the German Army
36
how many firms had the SS established for its economic projects?
over 150
37
what did the SS use prisoners in concentration camps for?
raw materials manufacturering textiles armaments household goods
38
how were the SS involved in ideology and race?
they carried out the racial policies of extermination and resettlement through the use of concentration camps (run by the SS Totenkopfverbände)
39
who did the SS often disagree with?
the local Gauleiters
40
how was the SS state able to survive?
through its brutal, repressive and extensive use of law enforcement
41
between 1933 and 1945 how many non-Jews were sent to concentration camps?
500,000
42
what was the SiPo broken off into?
Kripo Gestapo was the executive branch of the police state had the power to arrest and detain
43
when was the Gestapo formed?
April 1933
44
why were the Gestapo different to the SS?
they wore no uniform were unknown to regular German
45
what would the Gestapo do?
listened in on telephones monitored correspondences encouraged Germans to self-report
46
how had the security state created fear?
Germans were too scared to speak out and oppose the regime Germans were also suspicious of others, you did not know who was an informer or Gestapo officer
47
when was the People's court set up?
1934
48
who was the most prominent Nazi judge?
Roland Freisler
49
what was different about the People's court?
jury made up of Nazi fanatics the decision was to be made by the three judges NO APPEAL
50
what was the NSRB?
the Nationalist Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law
51
what was the role of Nazi judges?
they always sided with the prosecution they were incredibly loyal Nazis did not look at the law, instead looked towards Nazi ideals
52
how many were sentenced to death between 1933 to 1939?
534
53
how many crimes carried the death penalty in Nazi Germany?
46
54
what had filled the generals of the German Army with confidence?
when Hitler had agreed to the destruction of the SA showed that Hitler had faith in the German Army
55
why was the oath of allegiance to Hitler a long-term fatality?
with the German Army committed to upholding this oath, any future resistance to the Nazi regime would be seen as treason
56
what was agreed upon in 1935 with regards to army armament?
the rearmament programme was extended
57
when did Hitler reintroduce conscription?
March 1935
58
what was the size of the German Army once conscription was introduced?
550,000
59
before 1937 what view did most Army generals hold?
that the Army would continue to be allowed to exist as an independent organisation as it did during the Weimar Republic
60
when was the Hossbach conference?
5 November 1937
61
what was outlined during the Hossbach conference?
Hitler's foreign policy aims for military expansion
62
which generals were concerned about the Hitler's foreign policy?
Blomberg and Fritsch they were concerned about Germany's unpreparedness for war
63
in reaction to Blomberg and Fritsch's concerns, what did Hitler do?
he ordered both men to be removed from office
64
when were Blomberg and Fritsch removed from office?
February 1938
65
what was Blomberg accused of?
his wife being a thief and prostitute
66
what was Fritsch accused of?
homosexual offenses
67
what did the Blomberg-Fritsch affair allow Hitler to do?
subordinate the army to be under total Nazi control
68
what titles did Hitler take for himself after the Blomberg-Fritsch affair?
commander-in-chief minister of war
69
who was given total command of the armed forces?
the Oberkommando der Wermacht
70
who was in charge of the OKW?
General Keitel
71
how many Generals were removed from their positions during Hitler's reshuffle?
60
72
what was Hitler's reshuffle of the armed forces compared to?
the Night of the Long Knives BUT bloodless
73
who was in charge of the Army?
Brauchitsch
74
who was in charge of the Navy?
Eric Raeder
75
who was in charge of the Air Force?
Hermann Goring
76
what qualities of the German Army made it susceptible to being under the heavy influence of the Nazi regime?
obedience loyalty patriotism

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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