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Germany History A-Level > control and terror (police state + army) > Flashcards

control and terror (police state + army) Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the major reason why repression could be carried out so easily by the Nazis?

A

the Decree for the Protection of People and State still remained

gave unlimited emergency powers to the Nazi government

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2
Q

what were the methods by which repression and fear was generated by the Nazis?

A

the security state
concentration camps
the judiciary

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3
Q

when was the SS formed?

A

1925

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4
Q

when did Himmler become the leader of the SS?

A

1929

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5
Q

how many members of the SS in 1933?

A

52,000

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6
Q

who created the Sicherheitsdienst and when was this?

A

Himmler in 1931

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7
Q

what was the role of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)?

A

acted as the Nazi Party’s internal security police

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8
Q

when did Himmler take command of the Gestapo?

A

April 1934

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9
Q

what was Himmler also appointed in April 1934?

A

chief of all German police outside of Prussia

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10
Q

who did Himmler hand control of the Gestapo to?

A

Reinhard Heydrich

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11
Q

what did the SS’s involvement in the Night of the Long Knives show Hitler?

A

it showed the SS as completely loyal to the Nazi Party
it showed the SS’s efficiency in purging the SA

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12
Q

what position was Himmler appointed in 1936 and what did it mean?

A

Reichsfuhrer SS and chief of all German police

all police powers were now unified under Himmler’s control

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13
Q

when was the RSHA formed?

A

September 1939

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14
Q

what was the RSHA?

A

the Reich Security Office

it was an amalgamation of all party and state police organisations involved in police and security

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15
Q

who did Himmler put in charge of the RSHA?

A

Heydrich

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16
Q

what were the main functions of the SS-Police system?

A

policing
intelligence
dealing with opponents
military action

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17
Q

how many Germans were arrested for political crimes between 1933-39?

A

225,000

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18
Q

what was the role of the Kripo?

A

Kriminalpolizei

was responsible for maintaining general law and order

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19
Q

when was the Kripo and Gestapo merged?

A

1936
into SiPo

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20
Q

what was the role of the Gestapo?

A

was the key policing organisation for dealing with political and social enemies of the state

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21
Q

what was the SD in charge of?

A

responsible for intelligence and security

kept files on suspected opponents to the state

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22
Q

how did the SD gain information?

A

through the use of blockwardens and informers
the SD had a large network of Nazi sympathisers in the workplace

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23
Q

how were opponents to the Nazi system dealt with?

A

concentration camps
Dachau was initially used to hold communist and socialist prisoners

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24
Q

which organisation was in charge of the concentration camps?

A

the Totenkopf-Verbände

death head units

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25
Q

after 1936, what changes were made to the prisoners held at camps?

A

the persecution of asocials, homosexuals, beggars and gypsies meant that the concentration camps grew in size

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26
Q

how did concentration camps create fear?

A

Germans would hear stories about camps such as Dachau and were afraid of ending up there

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27
Q

what was the SS split into?

A

Allgemeine SS
Waffen SS
SS Totenkopf-Verbände

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28
Q

when was the Waffen SS formed?

A

1938

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29
Q

how many Waffen SS by the end of the war?

A

1 million

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30
Q

what were the features of the Waffen SS?

A

racially pure
fanatically loyal
committed to Nazi ideologies

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31
Q

what was the New Order?

A

the economical, political and racial integration of Europe under the Nazis

32
Q

how many members of the SS in 1939?

A

250,000

33
Q

what were the roles of the SS in German society?

A

security
military
economy
ideology and race

34
Q

how was the SS involved in security?

A

internal security became a greater problem with more land being taken by the German expansion and therefore more opposition to Nazi rule
the SS officers were given more authority to deal with this

35
Q

how was the SS involved in the military?

A

the Waffen SS expanded to 35 divisions by 1945
by 1944 it began to rival the German Army

36
Q

how many firms had the SS established for its economic projects?

A

over 150

37
Q

what did the SS use prisoners in concentration camps for?

A

raw materials
manufacturering textiles
armaments
household goods

38
Q

how were the SS involved in ideology and race?

A

they carried out the racial policies of extermination and resettlement
through the use of concentration camps (run by the SS Totenkopfverbände)

39
Q

who did the SS often disagree with?

A

the local Gauleiters

40
Q

how was the SS state able to survive?

A

through its brutal, repressive and extensive use of law enforcement

41
Q

between 1933 and 1945 how many non-Jews were sent to concentration camps?

A

500,000

42
Q

what was the SiPo broken off into?

A

Kripo
Gestapo

was the executive branch of the police state
had the power to arrest and detain

43
Q

when was the Gestapo formed?

A

April 1933

44
Q

why were the Gestapo different to the SS?

A

they wore no uniform
were unknown to regular German

45
Q

what would the Gestapo do?

A

listened in on telephones
monitored correspondences
encouraged Germans to self-report

46
Q

how had the security state created fear?

A

Germans were too scared to speak out and oppose the regime

Germans were also suspicious of others, you did not know who was an informer or Gestapo officer

47
Q

when was the People’s court set up?

A

1934

48
Q

who was the most prominent Nazi judge?

A

Roland Freisler

49
Q

what was different about the People’s court?

A

jury made up of Nazi fanatics
the decision was to be made by the three judges

NO APPEAL

50
Q

what was the NSRB?

A

the Nationalist Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law

51
Q

what was the role of Nazi judges?

A

they always sided with the prosecution
they were incredibly loyal Nazis
did not look at the law, instead looked towards Nazi ideals

52
Q

how many were sentenced to death between 1933 to 1939?

A

534

53
Q

how many crimes carried the death penalty in Nazi Germany?

A

46

54
Q

what had filled the generals of the German Army with confidence?

A

when Hitler had agreed to the destruction of the SA
showed that Hitler had faith in the German Army

55
Q

why was the oath of allegiance to Hitler a long-term fatality?

A

with the German Army committed to upholding this oath, any future resistance to the Nazi regime would be seen as treason

56
Q

what was agreed upon in 1935 with regards to army armament?

A

the rearmament programme was extended

57
Q

when did Hitler reintroduce conscription?

A

March 1935

58
Q

what was the size of the German Army once conscription was introduced?

A

550,000

59
Q

before 1937 what view did most Army generals hold?

A

that the Army would continue to be allowed to exist as an independent organisation as it did during the Weimar Republic

60
Q

when was the Hossbach conference?

A

5 November 1937

61
Q

what was outlined during the Hossbach conference?

A

Hitler’s foreign policy aims for military expansion

62
Q

which generals were concerned about the Hitler’s foreign policy?

A

Blomberg and Fritsch

they were concerned about Germany’s unpreparedness for war

63
Q

in reaction to Blomberg and Fritsch’s concerns, what did Hitler do?

A

he ordered both men to be removed from office

64
Q

when were Blomberg and Fritsch removed from office?

A

February 1938

65
Q

what was Blomberg accused of?

A

his wife being a thief and prostitute

66
Q

what was Fritsch accused of?

A

homosexual offenses

67
Q

what did the Blomberg-Fritsch affair allow Hitler to do?

A

subordinate the army to be under total Nazi control

68
Q

what titles did Hitler take for himself after the Blomberg-Fritsch affair?

A

commander-in-chief
minister of war

69
Q

who was given total command of the armed forces?

A

the Oberkommando der Wermacht

70
Q

who was in charge of the OKW?

A

General Keitel

71
Q

how many Generals were removed from their positions during Hitler’s reshuffle?

A

60

72
Q

what was Hitler’s reshuffle of the armed forces compared to?

A

the Night of the Long Knives
BUT
bloodless

73
Q

who was in charge of the Army?

A

Brauchitsch

74
Q

who was in charge of the Navy?

A

Eric Raeder

75
Q

who was in charge of the Air Force?

A

Hermann Goring

76
Q

what qualities of the German Army made it susceptible to being under the heavy influence of the Nazi regime?

A

obedience
loyalty
patriotism

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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