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Germany History A-Level > creation and consolidation of the Nazi dictatorship > Flashcards

creation and consolidation of the Nazi dictatorship Flashcards

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1
Q

why was Hitler’s position as chancellor weak?

A

only 2 other Nazis in cabinet with him

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2
Q

who were the other 2 Nazis in his cabinet and what roles did they hold?

A

Wilhelm Frick (interior minister)
Hermann Goring (without portfolio)

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3
Q

why would it be difficult for Hitler to pass through laws in the Reichstag?

A

he did not have a majority in the Reichstag

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4
Q

what was Hitler’s relationship with Hindenburg?

A

was very poor - Hindenburg HATED Hitler

the role of Chancellor was massively dependant on the support of the President

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5
Q

which groups did Hitler identify as important to control?

A

the Army
trad unions

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6
Q

why did conservatives side with the Nazis?

A

they were the only alternative to civil-war or a communist revolution

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7
Q

what role did Goring have in Hitler’s cabinet?

A

minister of the interior in Prussia

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8
Q

what powers did being minister of the interior in Prussia did Goring have?

A

he was responsible for policing

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9
Q

how did Goring use the police in the interests of the Nazis?

A

used them to harass and pressurise political opponents

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10
Q

who did Hitler put in charge of propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

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11
Q

what did Hitler call once he became chancellor?

A

an election in March 1933

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12
Q

how was violence prevalent in the run up to the March 1933 election?

A

Goring used his police powers to instigate violence and terror to pressure the German people to vote the Nazis

the police was also used to disrupt meetings of socialists and communists

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13
Q

how many extra men did Goring enlist into the police in Prussia?

A

50,000

all members of the SA or SS

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14
Q

how did Hitler get financial support?

A

he brokered an agreement with 20 leading industrialists on 20 February

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15
Q

how much did the industrialists promise Hitler?

A

3 million Reichsmarks

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16
Q

when was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27 February 1933

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17
Q

who was caught at the fire?

A

Marinus van der Lubbe
a communist

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18
Q

what decree was passed by Frick the day after the Reichstag fire?

A

the Decree for the Protection of People and State

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19
Q

what did the ‘Decree for the Protection of People and State’ do?

A

suspended the civil liberties of the German people

the Nazis could now legally arrest political opponents and ban newspapers

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20
Q

how was the Decree for the Protection of People and State used by the Nazis?

A

hundreds of anti-Nazis were rounded up and arrested

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21
Q

what key stat suggested the power of SA intimidation in getting Germans to got to the polls?

A

there was an 88% turnout at the March 1933 elections

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22
Q

why was the March 1933 election a failure for the Nazis?

A

only 43.9% of votes were won

had to form a coalition with the nationalists to form a majority

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23
Q

how many seats in the Reichstag were needed for any change to the constitution to be passed?

A

a majority of 2/3

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24
Q

what affirmed Hitler’s strong relationship with the elite and traditional members of German society?

A

the opening of the Reichstag in March 1933 at the Potsdam Garrison Church

members of the army as well as the monarchy were present

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25
Q

what was the Enabling Act?

A

gave Hitler the right to pass laws without the Reichstag

26
Q

outcome of vote for the Enabling Act

A

444 to 94

23 March 1933

27
Q

who voted against the Enabling Act?

A

the entirety of the SPD

28
Q

what had Hitler managed to achieve with the Decree for the Protection of People and State and the Enabling Act?

A

he had legally demolished the Weimar Constitution

allowed him to set up a one-party dictatorship

29
Q

what was Gleichschaltung?

A

the degeneration of the Weimar Republic and the creation of the Nazi state system

COORDINATION by nazifying Germany

30
Q

why did the Lander system oppose Nazi ideology?

A

the Nazi state system was based upon complete state unity

the federal system of the Lander opposed this

31
Q

when were regional state parliaments dissolved?

A

January 1934

32
Q

which law dissolved the Lander system?

A

Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich

33
Q

when were Gauleiters installed as Reich governors?

A

April 1933

34
Q

what was significant about the Nazis calling a national holiday on the 1May?

A

showed trade unions that there was a chance of cooperation with the Nazis

35
Q

what happened on 2 May 1933?

A

the SA and SS stormed the offices of trade unions
leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps such as Dachau

36
Q

what happened to independent trade unions?

A

they were banned
all labour fronts were absorbed into the German Labour Front

37
Q

who led the DAF?

A

Robert Ley

38
Q

what powers did the DAF have?

A

very limited powers:
- could not negotiate wages or working conditions

39
Q

when were the SPD banned?

A

22 June 1933

40
Q

when were all political parties except the Nazi party banned and under what law?

A

14 July 1933

The Law against the Establishment of Parties

41
Q

what were many in the SA calling for?

A

a second revolution
Rohm wanted to merge the SA and the German Army into the ‘people’s army’

42
Q

how many members of the SA were there in 1934?

A

3,000,000

43
Q

what did the SA represent in the Nazi Party?

A

the radical left-wing
composed of the youth and unemployed
ruthless and violent

44
Q

what were Rohm’s aims for the SA?

A

he wanted the SA to be a political force which could drive social and economic reform

45
Q

who was the most at threat to the ambitions of Rohm and his SA?

A

the German Army

Hitler had to choose between the two

46
Q

what were the reasons why Hitler would back the SA?

A

they were with him from the Munich Putsch as well as being a larger force than the German Army

47
Q

what were the reasons why Hitler would back the German Army?

A

they had the power to unseat Hitler

they were already suspicious of Hitler and were also close to the traditional elite and the Junkers who could otherthrow Hitler

they were also important for Hitler’s ambitious future foreign policy

48
Q

why was the army a better force than the SA?

A

far more organised and disciplined

49
Q

what caused major dissatisfaction with the army generals?

A

they were unhappy with the violent and ill disciplined nature of the SA

50
Q

what had Hitler and the Army come to an agreement to?

A

that the SA should be purged and eliminated from society

51
Q

which generals did Hitler conspire against the SA with?

A

Blomberg and Fritsch

52
Q

which Nazis also conspired against Rohm and for what reasons?

A

Himmler and Goring

both looked to increase their standing in the inner circle and saw Rohm as the man standing in the way

53
Q

when was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30 June 1934

54
Q

who provided the weapons and transport for the Nazis to carry out their purge?

A

the Army

55
Q

which important Germans were killed in the purge?

A

Rohm
von Schleicher
Strasser

56
Q

how many were estimated to be killed during the purge?

A

200

57
Q

how did the Nazis legalise the actions during the Night of the Long Knives?

A

a law on the measures of self-defence of the State was passed which deemed all of the actions of the purge as necessary to deal with high acts of treason

58
Q

when was the oath of loyalty given by the German Army and to who?

A

20 August 1934

pledged allegiance to Adolf Hitler

59
Q

what happened to the SA after the purge?

A

was completely abolished and destroyed
became a ceremonial group with brown-shirts used for parades and rallies

60
Q

what emerged from the destruction of the SA?

A

the SS
no one saw the emergence of the SS as significant for the future of Germany

61
Q

when did Hindenburg die?

A

2 August 1934

62
Q

what two offices did Hitler merge after Hindenburg’s death?

A

Chancellor and President
to form the Fuhrer

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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