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Germany History A-Level > creation and consolidation of the Nazi dictatorship > Flashcards

creation and consolidation of the Nazi dictatorship Flashcards

1
Q

why was Hitler’s position as chancellor weak?

A

only 2 other Nazis in cabinet with him

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2
Q

who were the other 2 Nazis in his cabinet and what roles did they hold?

A

Wilhelm Frick (interior minister)
Hermann Goring (without portfolio)

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3
Q

why would it be difficult for Hitler to pass through laws in the Reichstag?

A

he did not have a majority in the Reichstag

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4
Q

what was Hitler’s relationship with Hindenburg?

A

was very poor - Hindenburg HATED Hitler

the role of Chancellor was massively dependant on the support of the President

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5
Q

which groups did Hitler identify as important to control?

A

the Army
trad unions

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6
Q

why did conservatives side with the Nazis?

A

they were the only alternative to civil-war or a communist revolution

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7
Q

what role did Goring have in Hitler’s cabinet?

A

minister of the interior in Prussia

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8
Q

what powers did being minister of the interior in Prussia did Goring have?

A

he was responsible for policing

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9
Q

how did Goring use the police in the interests of the Nazis?

A

used them to harass and pressurise political opponents

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10
Q

who did Hitler put in charge of propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

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11
Q

what did Hitler call once he became chancellor?

A

an election in March 1933

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12
Q

how was violence prevalent in the run up to the March 1933 election?

A

Goring used his police powers to instigate violence and terror to pressure the German people to vote the Nazis

the police was also used to disrupt meetings of socialists and communists

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13
Q

how many extra men did Goring enlist into the police in Prussia?

A

50,000

all members of the SA or SS

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14
Q

how did Hitler get financial support?

A

he brokered an agreement with 20 leading industrialists on 20 February

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15
Q

how much did the industrialists promise Hitler?

A

3 million Reichsmarks

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16
Q

when was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27 February 1933

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17
Q

who was caught at the fire?

A

Marinus van der Lubbe
a communist

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18
Q

what decree was passed by Frick the day after the Reichstag fire?

A

the Decree for the Protection of People and State

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19
Q

what did the ‘Decree for the Protection of People and State’ do?

A

suspended the civil liberties of the German people

the Nazis could now legally arrest political opponents and ban newspapers

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20
Q

how was the Decree for the Protection of People and State used by the Nazis?

A

hundreds of anti-Nazis were rounded up and arrested

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21
Q

what key stat suggested the power of SA intimidation in getting Germans to got to the polls?

A

there was an 88% turnout at the March 1933 elections

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22
Q

why was the March 1933 election a failure for the Nazis?

A

only 43.9% of votes were won

had to form a coalition with the nationalists to form a majority

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23
Q

how many seats in the Reichstag were needed for any change to the constitution to be passed?

A

a majority of 2/3

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24
Q

what affirmed Hitler’s strong relationship with the elite and traditional members of German society?

A

the opening of the Reichstag in March 1933 at the Potsdam Garrison Church

members of the army as well as the monarchy were present

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25
what was the Enabling Act?
gave Hitler the right to pass laws without the Reichstag
26
outcome of vote for the Enabling Act
444 to 94 23 March 1933
27
who voted against the Enabling Act?
the entirety of the SPD
28
what had Hitler managed to achieve with the Decree for the Protection of People and State and the Enabling Act?
he had legally demolished the Weimar Constitution allowed him to set up a one-party dictatorship
29
what was Gleichschaltung?
the degeneration of the Weimar Republic and the creation of the Nazi state system COORDINATION by nazifying Germany
30
why did the Lander system oppose Nazi ideology?
the Nazi state system was based upon complete state unity the federal system of the Lander opposed this
31
when were regional state parliaments dissolved?
January 1934
32
which law dissolved the Lander system?
Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich
33
when were Gauleiters installed as Reich governors?
April 1933
34
what was significant about the Nazis calling a national holiday on the 1May?
showed trade unions that there was a chance of cooperation with the Nazis
35
what happened on 2 May 1933?
the SA and SS stormed the offices of trade unions leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps such as Dachau
36
what happened to independent trade unions?
they were banned all labour fronts were absorbed into the German Labour Front
37
who led the DAF?
Robert Ley
38
what powers did the DAF have?
very limited powers: - could not negotiate wages or working conditions
39
when were the SPD banned?
22 June 1933
40
when were all political parties except the Nazi party banned and under what law?
14 July 1933 The Law against the Establishment of Parties
41
what were many in the SA calling for?
a second revolution Rohm wanted to merge the SA and the German Army into the 'people's army'
42
how many members of the SA were there in 1934?
3,000,000
43
what did the SA represent in the Nazi Party?
the radical left-wing composed of the youth and unemployed ruthless and violent
44
what were Rohm's aims for the SA?
he wanted the SA to be a political force which could drive social and economic reform
45
who was the most at threat to the ambitions of Rohm and his SA?
the German Army Hitler had to choose between the two
46
what were the reasons why Hitler would back the SA?
they were with him from the Munich Putsch as well as being a larger force than the German Army
47
what were the reasons why Hitler would back the German Army?
they had the power to unseat Hitler they were already suspicious of Hitler and were also close to the traditional elite and the Junkers who could otherthrow Hitler they were also important for Hitler's ambitious future foreign policy
48
why was the army a better force than the SA?
far more organised and disciplined
49
what caused major dissatisfaction with the army generals?
they were unhappy with the violent and ill disciplined nature of the SA
50
what had Hitler and the Army come to an agreement to?
that the SA should be purged and eliminated from society
51
which generals did Hitler conspire against the SA with?
Blomberg and Fritsch
52
which Nazis also conspired against Rohm and for what reasons?
Himmler and Goring both looked to increase their standing in the inner circle and saw Rohm as the man standing in the way
53
when was the Night of the Long Knives?
30 June 1934
54
who provided the weapons and transport for the Nazis to carry out their purge?
the Army
55
which important Germans were killed in the purge?
Rohm von Schleicher Strasser
56
how many were estimated to be killed during the purge?
200
57
how did the Nazis legalise the actions during the Night of the Long Knives?
a law on the measures of self-defence of the State was passed which deemed all of the actions of the purge as necessary to deal with high acts of treason
58
when was the oath of loyalty given by the German Army and to who?
20 August 1934 pledged allegiance to Adolf Hitler
59
what happened to the SA after the purge?
was completely abolished and destroyed became a ceremonial group with brown-shirts used for parades and rallies
60
what emerged from the destruction of the SA?
the SS no one saw the emergence of the SS as significant for the future of Germany
61
when did Hindenburg die?
2 August 1934
62
what two offices did Hitler merge after Hindenburg's death?
Chancellor and President to form the Fuhrer

Germany History A-Level (54 decks)

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