The Respiratory System (Lecture 19) Flashcards
What kind of cartilage does the trachea have around it?
hyaline
What kind of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What part of the heart lays in the cardiac impression?
left ventricle
What part of the heart lays against the cardiac notch?
apex of the heart
What is the respiratory zone?
the respiratory bronchiole after the terminal bronchiole
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, defense
What is emphysema?
chronic destruction of alveoli and loss of lung elastic tissue
What kind of epithelium lines the oropharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
What is the larynx?
voice box
What is the conducting zone?
the terminal bronchiole and everything above that has to do with the respiratory system
What bones make up the nasal cavity?
perpendicular plate and vomer
What do bronchodilators do for asthma?
blocks receptors that constrict the airway
How many bronchopulmonary segments are on the right lobe?
10
How is gas exchanged?
in the alveoli, CO2 goes from the capillary to the alveolus and O2 goes from the alveolus to the capillary through diffusion
What is gas exchange?
external respiration
What do goblet cells produce?
mucus
What structures are part of the larynx?
epiglottis, false vocal cords, true vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages
What is unique about the trachea?
posterior wall has no cartilage
How big are bronchioles?
microscopic
What happens when you have emphysema?
old air is trapped in alveoli which makes it difficult to exhale, there is a decrease in gas exchange surface area
What makes up the top of the nasal cavity?
cribriform plate
What unique cells does the trachea have?
goblet cells
What are the symptoms of asthma?
wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, excess mucous
What do alveolar type 1 cells do?
form walls of alveolis
What structures are apart of the lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lung alveoli
What are bronchioles?
come after the bronchus
How can you tell the bronchus and bronchioles apart?
bronchioles don’t have cartilage
What is asthma?
airway hypersensitivity leads to inflammation and bronchoconstruction
What is the main bronchi?
split off from the trachea
What do alveolar type 2 cells do?
produce liquid that helps keep alveoli open
What is external respiration?
gas exchange between blood at the pulmonary capillaries and air at the alveoli
What is the lobar bronchi?
goes to lobes of the lungs from the main bronchi
What comes after the trachea?
the bronchus
What does the pharynx connect?
nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
What does the visceral pleura attach to?
the lung
What is the treatment of asthma?
may include inhaled steroids mixed with bronchodilators
What are the regions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharyns
What usually causes emphysema?
smoking
What does the larynx do?
provides open airway
What is internal respiration?
gas exchange between blood at systemic capillaries and tissue cells
What do inhaled steroids do for asthma?
helps lungs not develop a lot of mucus that blocks airway
What is olfaction?
smell
What does the parietal pleura attach to?
the ribcage
What is respiration?
gas exchange
Where does external respiration happen?
in the lungs
What do alveolar macrophages do?
help kill bacteria
What kind of epithelium lines the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What happens during expiration/exhalation?
lung elastic recoil, diaphragm passively relaxes, abdominal wall and internal intercostals and others contract
What are the muscles of ventilation?
diaphragm, phrenic nerves, internal intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles, scalenes
What kind of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
airway for respiration, warm and humidify and clean inhaled air, resonating chamber for speech and sound, houses olfactory receptors
What is pulmonary ventilation?
breathing
Where does internal respiration happen?
down by the pubic area
What is the pharynx?
throat
What separates the two nasal cavities?
nasal septum
What happens during inspiration/inhalation?
diaphragm contracts, external intercostals, scalenes, and other contract
What kind of epithelium makes up the nasal cavity?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
What structures are apart of the upper respiratory tract?
sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx
What is gas conditioning?
warming, humidifying, and cleansing air
How many bronchopulmonary segments are on the left?
10
What is the segmental bronchi?
goes to the segments of the lungs from the lobar bronchi
