Lecture 9 Flashcards
What are the ways fascicles are arranged?
parallel, circular, convergent
What do parallel fascicles look like?
fibers run parallel to long axis
What do circular fascicles look like?
concentric rings
What doe convergent fascicles look like?
broad origin, converge towards insertion
What are pennate fascicles?
short fibers are obliquely attached to tendon
What are unipennate fascicles?
only one direction for all fascicles
What are bipennate fascicles?
two directions for the fascicles
What are multipennate fascicles?
fascicles go in more than two directions
What are the ways we name muscles?
action, body region, attachments, orientation, shape/size, number of heads
What are the origin of muscle attachments?
less movable attachment site
What are the insertion of muscle attachments?
move movable attachment site
What is an agonist?
prime mover
What is an antagonist?
resists movement that the agonist is performing
What is a synergist?
muscle that helps the agonist with movement
What is a fixator?
What is circumduction?
What is lateral rotation?
What is medial rotation?
What is dorsiflexion?
What is plantar flexion?
What is inversion?
What is eversion?
What is opposition?
What is pronation?
What is supination?
What is protraction?
What is retraction?
What is elevation?
What is depression?
What is part of the epicranius?
frontalis, occipitalis, galea aponeurotica
What is the corrugator supercilii?
What is the buccinator?
What are the muscles of mastication?
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
What are the deep muscles of mastication?
medial and lateral pterygoid
What are the superficial muscles of mastication?
masseter and temporalis
What is mastication?
chewing
What are the elbow flexors?
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
What is the origin of biceps brachii?
supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
What is the insertion of biceps brachii?
radial tuberosity
What do rotator cuff muscles do?
reinforce the glenohumeral joint and attach the humerus to the scapula
What are the lateral rotator muscles of the humerus?
teres minor and infraspinatus
What are the abductor muscles of the humerus?
supraspinatus
What are the medial rotator muscles of the humerus?
subscapularis
What are the shoulder adductors/flexors?
coracobrachialis and pectoralis major
What are the shoulder adductors/extensors?
teres major and latissimus dorsi
What are the shoulder abductor muscles?
deltoid
What can the deltoid do?
flex and extend the shoulder, shoulder abuctor
What are the knee extensor muscles?
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius
What are the knee flexor muscles?
semitendinosus, biceps femoris, semimembranosus
What are the hip adductor muscles?
pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis
What is the origin of gracilis?
inferior pubic ramus
What is the insertion of gracilis?
proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia
What are the hip abductor muscles?
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
What are the hip flexor muscles?
iliopsoas, psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris
What are the hip extensor muscles?
gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head)
