Lecture 11 Flashcards
What is the thalamus?
relay station for sensory and motor information entering the cerebrum
What fibers are in the white matter?
association, commissural, and projection
What are commissural fibers?
Where is the location of conscious thought processes and complex intellectual functions?
cerebrum
Where are gray matter and white matter found?
the cerebrum
What does the frontal lobe do?
decision making, personality, verbal communication, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
How many ventricles are there in the brain?
four
What do descending pathways do?
conduct motor information from higher CNS processing centers to the spinal cord and brainstem
Where are descending pathways of nerves found?
White matter and anterior side of the spinal cord
What is hydrocephalus?
excessive cerebrospinal fluid
Where is the thalamus found?
on either side of the third ventricle
What is the cerebrum?
squiggly part of the brain
What does the temporal lobe do?
auditory and olfactory experience
What do the two hemispheres make up?
the cerebrum
What is part of the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, medulla
What is the diencephalon made of?
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
What does the brainstem contain?
many autonomic and reflex centers essential for survival
What is the limbic system?
“emotional brain”
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
buoyancy, protection (cushion), environmental stability
What are the two hemispheres connected by?
corpus callosum
What are the reflexes that medulla controls?
coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, etc.
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
Behavior, Endocrine, Emotion, Temperature control, Sleep/wake cycles, Hunger/thirst, Autonomic control, Memory
What does the occipital lobe do?
vision
What are projection fibers?
Where is the primary motor cortex found?
precentral gyrus
What does the insula do?
taste
What does BEETSHAM stand for?
Behavior, Endocrine, Emotion, Temperature control, Sleep/wake cycles, Hunger/thirst, Autonomic control, Memory
What are the functions of the meninges?
separate brain from skull, enclose and protect blood vessels supplying brain, contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
What does the parietal lobe do?
sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, understanding speech
What is the structure of the meninges?
connective tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
choroid plexus
What are the infundibulum and pituitary gland a part of?
the hypothalamus
What is homunculus?
putting a persons body parts around the brain to represent where the primary motor and somatosensory cortex are
What do gyri and sulci do?
increase the surface area of the cerebrum
What is the limbic system involved in?
emotion, memory, and motivation
What are association fibers?
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex found?
postcentral gyrus
What structures are part of the limbic system?
fornix, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus
What are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus in?
the diencephalon
Where are ascending pathways of nerves found?
White matter, posterior side of the spinal cord
What is the medulla?
cardiac center, vasomotor (heart) center, reflexes
What are the meninges?
dura, arachnoid, and pia maters
What is the mnemonic for the hypothalamus functions?
BEETSHAM
What causes hydrocephalus?
obstruction of CSF flow, overproduction of CSF, impaired drainage of CSF
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
fine-tunes, smoothens and coordinates muscle movements, balance/equilibrium
What is the vermis?
between the lobes of the cerebellum
What do ascending pathways do?
conduct sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to higher CNS processing centers
What is the brainstem?
bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord
What is a point of attachment for cranial nerves?
the brainstem
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
clar, colorless fluid
What does cerebrospinal fluid do?
circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid space surrounding the CNS
