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Anatomy > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

produce viscous sweat and are found in the axillary nipple, anal, and genital areas

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3
Q

What is the top layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum

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4
Q

What are the functions of the integument?

A

protection, prevent dehydration, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis

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5
Q

What is a sebacceous gland?

A

known as oil glands and produce sebum

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6
Q

What is a third-degree burn?

A

damages the entire epidermis and dermis

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7
Q

What is the rate of hair growth?

A

2 mm/week

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8
Q

What is the main sensory organ in the skin?

A

merkel cell

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9
Q

What happens after the growth cycle?

A

follicle is stimulated to re-enter anagen phase and make new hair

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10
Q

What are eccrine glands?

A

produce water sweat and are found all over the body; most numerous

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11
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

a type of skin cancer

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12
Q

Why do we get wrinkles?

A

loss of collage and elastic fibers, decreased thickness of dermis, skin less “springy”

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13
Q

What does the arrestor pili muscle do?

A

helps hair stand up

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14
Q

What are nails?

A

scale-like modification of epidermis

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15
Q

What are the phases of the growth cycle?

A

anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase

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16
Q

Why do we get a nevus?

A

overgrowth of melanin-forming cells

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17
Q

What is the cortex?

A

middle layer of the hair follicle

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18
Q

How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?

A

Treatment options include surgery and freezing (cryosurgery)

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19
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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20
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis?

A

connective tissue

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21
Q

What is the fourth layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum

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22
Q

What layer anchors skin to underlying structures?

A

hypodermis

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23
Q

What is hair composed of?

A

hard keratin

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24
Q

What layer are melanocytes in?

A

stratum basale of the epidermis

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25
Q

What is a second-degree burn?

A

damages epidermis and part of the dermis

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26
Q

What is lanugo hair?

A

fetal hair

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27
Q

What is the lunula?

A

half moon shape on the nail

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28
Q

What is the hyponychium?

A

small piece of skin under the nail

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29
Q

What does keratinized epithelium mean?

A

some of the cells are dying as they get closer to the top

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30
Q

What is a nevus?

A

mole or birthmark

31
Q

What is vellus hair?

A

fine hair on most of the body

32
Q

What is the cuticle of the hair follicle?

A

the outside layer

33
Q

Why do we get acne?

A

overactive and plugged sebaceous ducts

34
Q

What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum basale

35
Q

What is a first-degree burn?

A

damages epidermis

36
Q

What layer are wrinkles involved in?

A

dermis

37
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis made up of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

A

anchors skin to underlying structures, thermal insulation, energy reservoir

39
Q

What types of tissue is the hypodermis made up of?

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

40
Q

What are the types of hair?

A

lanugo hair, vellus hair, terminal hair

41
Q

Why do we get scars?

A

damaged skin is replaced by fibrous tissue in the dermis

42
Q

What is a sudoriferous gland?

A

known as sweat glands

43
Q

What is the anagen phase?

A

hair is actively growing; lasts 2-7 years

44
Q

What layer is vascular?

A

dermis

45
Q

Is the hypodermic part of the integument?

A

No

46
Q

What is the telogen phase?

A

follicle is inactive and hair stops growing and is shed; lasts 2-4 months

47
Q

What are the names of the layers of the integument?

A

epidermis and dermis

48
Q

What is the half moon shape on the nail called?

A

lunula

49
Q

Does the dermis have blood?

A

yes

50
Q

How do you treat malignant melanoma?

A

Treatment typically involves surgical excision and immunotherapy.

51
Q

What is the papillary layer of the dermis made of?

A

areolar connective tissue

52
Q

What is a melanocyte?

A

produces melanin which affects the color of the skin and hair and provides protection from UV radiation damage

53
Q

What is terminal hair?

A

head, armpit, pubic region, male facial hair

54
Q

What layer is an energy reservoir?

A

hypodermis

55
Q

Which layer is the majority of the thickness of skin?

A

dermis

56
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

A

epithelial

57
Q

Does the epidermis have blood?

A

no

58
Q

What is the most deadly type of skin cancer?

A

malignant melanoma

59
Q

What is the catagen phase?

A

transition phase where the follicle shrinks; lasts 2-3 weeks

60
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A

protection, sensation, reduce heat loss

61
Q

What are the types of sudoriferous glands?

A

eccrine and apocrine glands

62
Q

What is the medulla?

A

most center layer of the hair follicle

63
Q

What is the least dangerous type of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

64
Q

What is in nails?

A

hard deratin

65
Q

Why do we get freckles?

A

excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte cells

66
Q

What layer do scars happen in?

A

dermis

67
Q

How many layers of the integument are there?

A

2

68
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma originate?

A

in the stratum basale

69
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

a type of skin cancer

70
Q

What is the reticular layer of the dermis made of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

71
Q

What are the layers of the hair shaft?

A

medulla, cortex, cuticle

72
Q

Where does malignant melanoma come from?

A

arises from melanocytes (usually a preexisting mole)

73
Q

What is the second layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum lucidum

74
Q

What is the third layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum granulosum

Anatomy (9 decks)

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