Lecture 4 Flashcards
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
What are apocrine glands?
produce viscous sweat and are found in the axillary nipple, anal, and genital areas
What is the top layer of the epidermis?
stratum corneum
What are the functions of the integument?
protection, prevent dehydration, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis
What is a sebacceous gland?
known as oil glands and produce sebum
What is a third-degree burn?
damages the entire epidermis and dermis
What is the rate of hair growth?
2 mm/week
What is the main sensory organ in the skin?
merkel cell
What happens after the growth cycle?
follicle is stimulated to re-enter anagen phase and make new hair
What are eccrine glands?
produce water sweat and are found all over the body; most numerous
What is malignant melanoma?
a type of skin cancer
Why do we get wrinkles?
loss of collage and elastic fibers, decreased thickness of dermis, skin less “springy”
What does the arrestor pili muscle do?
helps hair stand up
What are nails?
scale-like modification of epidermis
What are the phases of the growth cycle?
anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase
Why do we get a nevus?
overgrowth of melanin-forming cells
What is the cortex?
middle layer of the hair follicle
How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?
Treatment options include surgery and freezing (cryosurgery)
What are the layers of the dermis?
papillary layer and reticular layer
What type of tissue is the dermis?
connective tissue
What is the fourth layer of the epidermis?
stratum spinosum
What layer anchors skin to underlying structures?
hypodermis
What is hair composed of?
hard keratin
What layer are melanocytes in?
stratum basale of the epidermis
What is a second-degree burn?
damages epidermis and part of the dermis
What is lanugo hair?
fetal hair
What is the lunula?
half moon shape on the nail
What is the hyponychium?
small piece of skin under the nail
What does keratinized epithelium mean?
some of the cells are dying as they get closer to the top
What is a nevus?
mole or birthmark
What is vellus hair?
fine hair on most of the body
What is the cuticle of the hair follicle?
the outside layer
Why do we get acne?
overactive and plugged sebaceous ducts
What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?
stratum basale
What is a first-degree burn?
damages epidermis
What layer are wrinkles involved in?
dermis
What type of tissue is the epidermis made up of?
stratified squamous epithelium
What are the functions of the hypodermis?
anchors skin to underlying structures, thermal insulation, energy reservoir
What types of tissue is the hypodermis made up of?
areolar and adipose connective tissue
What are the types of hair?
lanugo hair, vellus hair, terminal hair
Why do we get scars?
damaged skin is replaced by fibrous tissue in the dermis
What is a sudoriferous gland?
known as sweat glands
What is the anagen phase?
hair is actively growing; lasts 2-7 years
What layer is vascular?
dermis
Is the hypodermic part of the integument?
No
What is the telogen phase?
follicle is inactive and hair stops growing and is shed; lasts 2-4 months
What are the names of the layers of the integument?
epidermis and dermis
What is the half moon shape on the nail called?
lunula
Does the dermis have blood?
yes
How do you treat malignant melanoma?
Treatment typically involves surgical excision and immunotherapy.
What is the papillary layer of the dermis made of?
areolar connective tissue
What is a melanocyte?
produces melanin which affects the color of the skin and hair and provides protection from UV radiation damage
What is terminal hair?
head, armpit, pubic region, male facial hair
What layer is an energy reservoir?
hypodermis
Which layer is the majority of the thickness of skin?
dermis
What type of tissue is the epidermis?
epithelial
Does the epidermis have blood?
no
What is the most deadly type of skin cancer?
malignant melanoma
What is the catagen phase?
transition phase where the follicle shrinks; lasts 2-3 weeks
What are the functions of hair?
protection, sensation, reduce heat loss
What are the types of sudoriferous glands?
eccrine and apocrine glands
What is the medulla?
most center layer of the hair follicle
What is the least dangerous type of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
What is in nails?
hard deratin
Why do we get freckles?
excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte cells
What layer do scars happen in?
dermis
How many layers of the integument are there?
2
Where does basal cell carcinoma originate?
in the stratum basale
What is basal cell carcinoma?
a type of skin cancer
What is the reticular layer of the dermis made of?
dense irregular connective tissue
What are the layers of the hair shaft?
medulla, cortex, cuticle
Where does malignant melanoma come from?
arises from melanocytes (usually a preexisting mole)
What is the second layer of the epidermis?
stratum lucidum
What is the third layer of the epidermis?
stratum granulosum
