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Anatomy > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What becomes the embryo?

A

the epiblast

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2
Q

What happens during the fetal period?

A

growth and maturation of existing organs

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3
Q

What is a morula?

A

contains 16 cells

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4
Q

Does the heart pump blood right after organogenesis?

A

No

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5
Q

What are somites?

A

block-like structures of mesoderm

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6
Q

What does the caudal neural tube become?

A

the spinal cord

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7
Q

What is the cytotrophoblast?

A

individual cells that remain from the trophoblast

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8
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

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9
Q

What is the mesoderm?

A

a layer of cells that fills in the space between the endoderm and ectoderm

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10
Q

What is the pre-embryonic period?

A

weeks 1-2

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11
Q

What does the inner cell mass of a blastocyst become?

A

embryo

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12
Q

How is the neural groove formed?

A

tissues on the sides of the neural plate fold upward into neural folds

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13
Q

What is the endoderm?

A

A sheet/layer of cells that displaces the hypoblast

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14
Q

What is the syncytiotrophoblast?

A

Breaks down part of the trophoblast that attaches to the uterine wall

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15
Q

When does differentiation of cell types begin to happen?

A

gastrulation

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16
Q

What is the primitive streak?

A

an indentation along the dorsal surface of the epiblast that allows cells to descend through it to create two new layer of cells

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17
Q

What is the prenatal period?

A

first 38 weeks of human development

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18
Q

What is body folding?

A

the embryo begins to acquire a cylindrical shape essentially creating a tube called the primitive gut which is lined by the endoderm.

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19
Q

What period does body folding happen

A

embryonic

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20
Q

What is the fetal period?

A

weeks 9-38

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21
Q

Does the heart beat after organogenesis?

A

Yes

22
Q

What does the trophoblast become?

A

chorionic membrane and the fetal portion of the placenta

23
Q

What is cleavage?

A

When a zygote undergoes five or six mitotic cell divisions

24
Q

What happens to the size/mass of the zygote as it goes through cleavage?

A

Stays the same

25
Q

How is the neural tube formed?

A

the neural folds converge

26
Q

What is the blastocoel?

A

fluid filled area in the blastocyst

27
Q

What is organogenesis?

A

The rudimentary structures of all tissues and organs are established

28
Q

What is an oocyte?

A

a female egg

29
Q

What is a zygote?

A

a fertilized egg, single cell

30
Q

What are the primary germ layers?

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

31
Q

What is neurulation?

A

parts of the central nervous system develop from the ectoderm

32
Q

Where does neurulation happen?

A

the mesoderm

33
Q

What is the bilaminar disc?

A

comprised of the epiblast and hypoblast

34
Q

What is the chorion?

A

cell membrane that surrounds the embryo and fetus

35
Q

What period does gastrulation occur?

A

embryonic

36
Q

How is the brain formed?

A

the cephalic neural tube dilates

37
Q

How is the neural plate formed?

A

ectoderm cells thicken

38
Q

What is the embryonic period?

A

weeks 3-8

39
Q

What period do lim buds form?

A

embryonic

40
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

cells of the epiblast that have not migrated through the primitive streak. makes ups the outside layer

41
Q

What period does organogenesis occur?

A

embryonic

42
Q

What period does the primitive streak form?

A

embryonic

43
Q

What does the mesoderm become?

A

skeleton, muscles, connective tissue, hear, blood vessels, kidneys

44
Q

What does the endoderm become?

A

gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract

45
Q

When does the blastocyst come in contact with the uterine wall and adheres to it?

A

the end of the first week

46
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

next step after morula. contains around 100 cells. starts to an inner cell mass and a trophoblast

47
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

results win the formation of the primary germ layers

48
Q

What does the neural tube become?

A

the brain and spinal cord

49
Q

What does the ectoderm become?

A

nervous system, sensory organs, epidermis, hair, nails

50
Q

What do somites differentiate into?

A

axial skeleton, skeletal muscle, dermis

51
Q

What period does neurulation occur?

A

embryonic

52
Q

Where do the epiblast and hypoblast come from?

A

the original inner cell mass

Anatomy (6 decks)

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