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Anatomy > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does connective tissue come from?

A

mesenchyme cells

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2
Q

What are mesenchyme cells?

A

stem cells

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3
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

spares cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of cartilage?

A

semirigid, flexible but resilient, avascular

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5
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

support soft tissues, articular surfaces for joints, provide a model for endochondral bone formation

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6
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

cells that produce cartilage matrix

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7
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

mature cartilage cells

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8
Q

Where are chondrocytes found?

A

lacunae

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9
Q

What is the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

A

protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance

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10
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the kinds of cartilage?

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

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12
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

costal cartilage, nose, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton, respiratory system

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13
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

flexible but resilient

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14
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

shock absorber, contains thick collagen fibers

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15
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee, articular discs of jaw

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16
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

provides flexibility, contains elastic fibers

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17
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

epiglottis and external ear

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18
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

closes the lungs when we swallow

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19
Q

What is bone?

A

Osseous connective tissue

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20
Q

What are the bone cells?

A

osteocytes

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21
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix called?

A

osteoid

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22
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix made of?

A

collagen and other proteins

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23
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix called?

A

hydroxyapatite

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24
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix made of?

A

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

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25
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

support the body, protect vital organs, facilitate movement

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26
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

red bone marrow

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27
Q

What kind of tissue is yellow bone marrow?

A

adipose tissue

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28
Q

What are the long bones?

A

humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals

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29
Q

What are the short bones?

A

carpals, tarsals

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30
Q

What are the flat bones?

A

skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs

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31
Q

What are the irregular bones?

A

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxae, ethmoid, sphenoid

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32
Q

What are the sesamoid bones?

A

patella, small bones found in the tendons associated with feet and hands

33
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

connective tissue that connects to the bone

34
Q

What type of tissue is the periosteum?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

35
Q

What is compact bone?

A

lined by periosteum; composed of osteons

36
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

lined by endosteum; often contains red bone marrow

37
Q

What is spongy bone composed of?

A

trabeculae

38
Q

What is another name for spongy bone?

A

cancellous bone

39
Q

What is another name for compact bone?

A

cortical bone

40
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

the shaft of the bone

41
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

the end of the bone

42
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

between the end of the bone and the shaft of the bone

43
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate or line?

A

growth plate

44
Q

What is the apophysis?

A

bony outgrowth that serves as an attachment site for ligaments or tendons

45
Q

What is the articular cartilage?

A

helps with movement; end of the bone where it attaches to another

46
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

very inside of the bone; contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children

47
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

layer of cells lining the spongy bone and medullary cavity

48
Q

How do bones grow?

A

from the inside out

49
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

form bone matrix

50
Q

What is an osteogenic cell?

A

stem cell

51
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A

resorbs bone; eats up old bone

52
Q

What is an osteon?

A

circular unit in compact bone

53
Q

Where are osteons found?

A

compact bone

54
Q

What are lamellae?

A

a single circle in an osteon

55
Q

What is the central canal?

A

goes up through the middle of an osteon

56
Q

What is the perforating canal?

A

goes sideways through bone and connects to a central canal

57
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

have legs that come off of it and are found around the lacunae

58
Q

What are canaliculi in compact bone?

A

small canals that connect osteocytes

59
Q

What are trabeculae in spongy bone?

A

crisscrossing beams and plates

60
Q

What are canaliculi in spongy bone?

A

in-between the lamellae where vessels can go through

61
Q

Where are osteoblasts in spongy bone?

A

outside the whole circular unit

62
Q

What is responsible for trabecular remodeling?

A

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

63
Q

What is ossification?

A

formation of bones

64
Q

What are the types of ossification?

A

intramembranous and endochondral

65
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

bone growth within a membrane

66
Q

What does intramembranous ossification form?

A

flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, mandible, clavicle

67
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

bone growth within cartilage

68
Q

What does endochondral ossification form?

A

most bones

69
Q

What does endochondral ossification do?

A

turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone

70
Q

Where does primary ossification occur?

A

center of cartilage which becomes the diaphysis

71
Q

Where does secondary ossification form?

A

in the epiphyses

72
Q

What is the end result of endochondral ossification?

A

bone replaces cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates

73
Q

What cartilage doesn’t get replaced by bone?

A

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates

74
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

bone gets longer

75
Q

Where does interstitial growth happen?

A

epiphyseal plates

76
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

bone gets wider

77
Q

Where does appositional growth happen?

A

periosteum and endosteum

78
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

low bone density caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency; soft and weak bones, bowed legs

Anatomy (9 decks)

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