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Anatomy > Lower Limb Muscles, Knee Joint, and Muscles of the Trunk > Flashcards

Lower Limb Muscles, Knee Joint, and Muscles of the Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the phrenic nerve?

A

thin and long; behind the lung

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3
Q

What are the external intercostals?

A

In-between the ribs; striations go toward the midline; more in the middle of the back

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4
Q

What are the internal intercostals?

A

In-between the ribs; striations go away from the midline; more on the sides of the body

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5
Q

What is the transversus thoracis?

A

all across the inside of the ribs

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6
Q

What is the external oblique?

A

the most superficial muscle on the side of the abdomen; points down

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7
Q

What is the internal oblique?

A

the middle muscle on the side of the abdomen; points up

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8
Q

What is the transversus abdominis?

A

most deep muscle of the lateral abdominal wall; crosses your abdominal below the internal oblique

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9
Q

What is the rectus abdominis?

A

on the sides of the linea alba; runs vertical

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10
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

pubic crest; pubic symphysis

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

costal cartilage of ribs 5-7; xiphoid process

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12
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Thin sheet that is on both sides of the rectus abdominis

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13
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

in-between the rectus abdominis

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14
Q

What is the psoas minor?

A
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15
Q

What is the psoas major?

A
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16
Q

What is the iliacus?

A

on top of the iliac fossa

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17
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A
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18
Q

What is the quadratus lumborum?

A

superior to the iliacus, posterior to the kidney

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19
Q

What is the trapezius?

A

large diamond shaped muscle on the upper back and neck

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20
Q

What is the serratus posterior superior?

A
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21
Q

What is the serratus posterior inferior?

A
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22
Q

What is the spinalis?

A

most medial muscle group of erector spinae; closest to the spine

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23
Q

What is the longissimus?

A

intermediate muscle group of erector spinae; the longest one

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24
Q

What is the iliocostalis?

A

most lateral muscle group of erector spinae; closest to the side

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25
Q

What is the splenius?

A

deep to the trapezius; has two heads

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26
Q

What is the semispinalis?

A

deep to the splenius on the back and neck

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27
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles?

A

four small muscles deep to the splenius and semispinalis; attach to the occipital bone

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28
Q

How many suboccipital muscles are there?

A

4

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29
Q

What is the gluteus Maximus?

A

largest and most superficial gluteal muscle

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30
Q

What is the gluteus medius?

A

middle gluteal muscle; under the gluteus maximus

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31
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A

gluteal surface

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32
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

greater trochanter

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33
Q

What is the gluteus minimus?

A

deepest gluteal muscle

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34
Q

What is the tensor fasciae latae?

A

deep to the iliotibial tract

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35
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Sheet that goes down the lateral side of the thigh; also called the IT band

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36
Q

What is the piriformis?

A

triangle shaped muscle inferior to gluteus medius

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37
Q

What is the superior gemellus?

A

below the piriformis

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38
Q

What is the obturator internus?

A

covers the inside of the obturator foramen

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39
Q

What is the inferior gemellus?

A

inferior to the obturator internus

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40
Q

What muscle splits the superior and inferior gemellus?

A

obturator internus

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41
Q

What is the quadratus femoris?

A

inferior to the inferior gemellus; looks like a square at the top of the femur

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42
Q

What is the obturator externus?

A

covers the external side of the obturator foramen

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43
Q

What is the femoral nerve?

A

goes on top of the iliopsoas

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44
Q

What is the iliopsoas?

A

where the posts major and iliacus join; front of the hip; makes a V with pectineus

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45
Q

What is the pectineus?

A

small muscle medial to the iliopsoas; makes a V with iliopsoas

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46
Q

What is the sartorius?

A

runs diagonally across the anterior side of the thigh from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial surface of the tibia

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47
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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48
Q

What is the insertion of sartorius?

A

proximal part of medial surface of the tibia

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49
Q

What does PPMST stand for?

A

proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia

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50
Q

What are the quadricep muscles?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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51
Q

What is the rectus femoris?

A

runs vertically on the anterior side of the thigh

52
Q

What is the vastus lateralis?

A

lateral to the rectus femoris; IT band covers a lot of it

53
Q

What is the vastus mdialis?

A

runs vertically on the medial side of the thigh; looks like a tear drop

54
Q

What is the vastus intermedius?

A

runs deep the rectus femoris

55
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve, ilipsoas, pectineus, sartorius

56
Q

What muscles are part of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus

57
Q

What is the gracilis?

A

inside the thigh; in the no gracias zone; splits front and back

58
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis?

A

inferior pubic ramus

59
Q

What is the insertion of the gracilis?

A

proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia

60
Q

What is the adductor longus?

A

most superficial adductor on medial side of the thigh; the long one

61
Q

What is the adductor brevis?

A

small muscle between the adductor longus and the adductor magnus; brevis in the crevice

62
Q

What is the adductor magnus?

A

big one in the back

63
Q

What muscles are part of the hamstrings?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

64
Q

What is the semimembranosus?

A

medial muscle; looks like a membrane on tops; scales of a fish

65
Q

What is the semitendinosus?

A

medial muscle; superficial to semimembranosus; has a long tendon

66
Q

What is the biceps femoris?

A

has two heads and helps flex your knee

67
Q

What is the sciatic nerve?

A

big nerve on the posterior side and comes out of the greater sciatic notch

68
Q

What is the tibial nerve?

A

medial part of the split from the sciatic nerve that goes down the tibia

69
Q

What is the common fibular nerve?

A

lateral part of the split from the sciatic nerve

70
Q

What muscles are part of the knee joint?

A

medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament

71
Q

What is the medial meniscus?

A

between the tibia and the femur on the medial side

72
Q

What is the lateral meniscus?

A

between the tibia and the femur on the lateral side

73
Q

What is the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

goes between the inside of the femur and the tibia on the anterior side

74
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

goes between the inside of the femur and the tibia on the posterior side

75
Q

What does ACL stand for?

A

anterior cruciate ligament

76
Q

What does PCL stand for?

A

posterior cruciate ligament

77
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament?

A

lateral surface of the knee joint, smaller than the MCL

78
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament?

A

medial surface of the knee joint, larger than the LCL

79
Q

What does MCL stand for?

A

medial collateral ligament

80
Q

What does LCL stand for?

A

lateral collateral ligament

81
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

82
Q

What is the tibialis anterior?

A

comes anterior to the medial malleolus; goes diagonal; flexes your foot

83
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A

lateral surface of the tibia

84
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

85
Q

What is the extensor hallucis longus?

A

most superficial that connects to the big toe

86
Q

What is the extensor digitorum longus?

A

more lateral muscles that go to the smaller toes

87
Q

What if the fibularis tertius?

A

6th toe; lateral side of the foot

88
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

89
Q

What is the fibularis longus?

A

superficial muscle of the lateral leg; goes around the ankle

90
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis longus?

A

lateral surface of the fibula

91
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

92
Q

What two muscles insert at the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal?

A

tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

93
Q

What two muscles originate from the lateral surface of the tibia?

A

tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

94
Q

What is the fibularis brevis?

A

wraps around the lateral malleolus and is deep to the fibularis longus

95
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, planters, calcanea tendon, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

96
Q

What is the gastrocnemius?

A

big calf muscle on the outside that you can see when you flex your calf

97
Q

What is the soleus?

A

muscle deep to the gastrocnemius and plantaris

98
Q

What does Grass is Planted in Soil mean?

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

99
Q

What is the plantaris?

A

small muscle on the posterior side of the knee; is a small muscle and has a long tendon

100
Q

What is the calcaneal tendon?

A

connects to the calcaneus, runs on the very back of your ankle area; commonly known as the achilles tendon

101
Q

What is the popliteus?

A

deep muscle in the posterior region of the knee; table for the plantaris to sit on

102
Q

What is the tibialis posterior?

A

first thing that comes posterior to the medial malleolus

103
Q

What is the flexor digitorum longus?

A

comes just after the tibialis posterior

104
Q

What is the flexor hallucis longus?

A

biggest one that goes to the big toe

105
Q

What does Tom, Dick, And a Very Nervous Hal stand for?

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, vein and tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus

106
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

posterior surface of the fibula

107
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

1st digit

108
Q

What are the muscles of the foot?

A

extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis

109
Q

What is the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

below the extensor hallucis longus; comes from across the foot

110
Q

What is the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

below the extensor digitorum longus of the smaller toes

111
Q

What actions does the gluteal region do?

A

abduction, extension, and rotation at the hip joint

112
Q

What actions does the posterior compartment of the thigh do?

A

extension at the hip joint, flexion at the knee joint

113
Q

What actions does the anterior compartment of the thigh do?

A

flexion at the hip joint, extension at the knee joint

114
Q

What actions does the medial compartment of the thigh do?

A

adduction at the hip joint

115
Q

What actions does the anterior compartment of the leg do?

A

dorsiflexion of the foot, extension of the toes

116
Q

What actions does the lateral compartment of the leg do?

A

eversion of the foot

117
Q

What actions does the posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the toes

118
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

119
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

the anterior compartment of the thigh

120
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

sciatic nerve

121
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

the posterior compartment of the thigh

122
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

123
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

the posterior compartment of the leg

124
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?

A

common fibular nerve

125
Q

What does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg

Anatomy (9 decks)

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