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Anatomy > CNS, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

CNS, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

edges of the squiggly things of the brain

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2
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

grooves between the gyri

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3
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

separates the right and left hemispheres; sagittal cut

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4
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

comprises most of the anterior half of the cerebrum

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5
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

lateral, superior portion of the cerebrum

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6
Q

What is the temporal lobe?

A

sides of the brain

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7
Q

What is the insular lobe (insula)?

A

hides beneath the lateral sulcus

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8
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

most posterior part of the brain

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9
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

divides the brain in a transverse section, separates the frontal and temporal lobes

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10
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

divides the brain in a coronal section, separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; comes up from the lateral sulcus

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11
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

gyrus anterior to the central sulcus

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12
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

gyrus posterior to the central sulcus

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13
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

separates parietal and occipital lobes; back of the brain

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14
Q

What is the transverse fissure?

A

deep groove separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum; transverse cut on the back of the brain

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15
Q

What is the corpus callousum?

A

connects both sides of the brain; whiter part inside

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16
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

gyrus located just superior to the corpus callosum; right on top of the corpus callosum

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17
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

tissue covering the hole beneath the corpus callosum

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18
Q

What is the fornix?

A

floor of the hole under the corpus callosum; white matter tract connecting the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies on each hemisphere

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19
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

paired group of nuclei lateral and superior to the third ventricle of the diencephalon; head of the hummingbird

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20
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

small cellular mass joining the thalami at the midline; eye of the hummingbird

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21
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

located within the floor of the diencephalon or third ventricle; beak of the hummingbird

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22
Q

What are the mammillary bodies?

A

two nodes located inferior to the third ventricle and superior and anterior to the pons

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23
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

round gland, inferior to the hypothalamus and connected by the infundibulum; contained in the sella turcica

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24
Q

Where do we see the pituitary gland?

A

only on a model

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25
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

stalk-like structure attaching the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

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26
Q

What is the pineal gland?

A

small, cone-shaped structure in the posterior portion of the epithalamus; bun on the back of the hummingbirds head

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27
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

neck of the hummingbird; consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum

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28
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles?

A

white matter tracts linking the cerebrum with the pons; forms the anterolateral surface of the midbrain; most anterior part of the hummingbirds neck; legs of Patrick Star

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29
Q

What are the legs of Patrick Star?

A

cerebral peduncles

30
Q

What is the most anterior part of the hummingbirds neck?

A

cerebral peduncles

31
Q

What is the tegmentum?

A

middle part that goes on the back of the stomach; area posterior to the cerebral peduncles and anterior to the cerebral aqueduct

32
Q

What is the tectum?

A

backpack of the midbrain; dorsal part of the midbrain, includes the superior and inferior colliculus

33
Q

What is the superior colliculus?

A

paired superior rounded elevations; comes out of the backpack

34
Q

What is the inferior colliculus?

A

paired inferior rounded elevations; comes out of the backpack

35
Q

What is the pons?

A

stomach of the hummingbird; bulged region caudal to the midbrain

36
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

tail of the hummingbird; head of Patrick Star; region between the pons and spinal cord

37
Q

What is the pyramid?

A

anterior, vertical paired ridge; triangle shape on the side of the medulla oblongata

38
Q

What is the olive?

A

bulge on lateral side of each pyramid of the medulla oblongata; bumps to the side of the pyramid

39
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

tiny brain in the back; posterior and anterior to the cerebrum

40
Q

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

arms of Patrick Star; thick, paired structure connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem

41
Q

What is the vermis?

A

tissue connecting both sides of the cerebellum; central structure between the cerebellar hemispheres

42
Q

What is the arbor vitae?

A

white tissue that looks like a tree; portion of the cerebellum composed of white matter

43
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

thickest layer covering the brain, most exterior

44
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

deep to the dura mater, spider webs of the brain that cover gyrus

45
Q

What is the Pia mater?

A

attaches directly to the brain and spinal cord following the contours of the gyri and sulci; top layer of the gyrus

46
Q

What is the vertebral artery?

A

paired arteries that pass through the transverse foramen of each cervical vertebra and foramen magnum, unite to form the basilar artery

47
Q

What is the basilar artery?

A

central artery anterior to pons; where the vertebral arteries meet by the pons

48
Q

What is the internal carotid artery?

A

paired arteries originating from the common carotid arteries, pass through the carotid canal of the temporal bone; thick ones at the end of the circle of willis

49
Q

What is another name for the cerebral arterial circle?

A

circle of willis

50
Q

What is the circle of willis (cerebral arterial circle)?

A

series of vessels that encircle the pituitary gland, uniting anterior and posterior circulations; where the basilar artery splits and makes a circle

51
Q

What are the lateral ventricles?

A

paired chambers located deep within each hemisphere below the corpus callosum; room under the corpus callosum

52
Q

What is the third ventricle?

A

narrow ventricle located in the diencephalon between the right and left thalamus; foes of the head of the hummingbird

53
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

canal-like structure connecting the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle; passage going from the third ventricle across the head of the hummingbird to the fourth ventricle

54
Q

What is the fourth ventricle?

A

wings of the hummingbird; posterior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum, connects with the central canal of the spinal cord

55
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

cluster of capillaries surrounding tissue found lining the ventricles

56
Q

What is the anterior median fissure?

A

large groove running the length of the spinal cord on the anterior aspect; more prominent that a sulcus

57
Q

What is the posterior median sulcus?

A

shallow groove running the length of the spinal cord on the posterior aspect

58
Q

What is the central canal?

A

hole in the middle of the grey commissure; canal that runs down the middle of the spinal column within the gray matter and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

59
Q

What is the anterior horn?

A

sticks out toward the front, grey matter; anterior “arms” of grey matter that contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

60
Q

What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons found?

61
Q

What is the lateral horn?

A

lateral “arms” of grey matter that contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons; sticks out toward the side

62
Q

What is the posterior horn?

A

posterior “arms” of grey matter that contain cell bodies of sensory neurons; sticks out toward the back

63
Q

What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?

64
Q

What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of sensory neurons found?

65
Q

What is the lateral funiculus?

A

same as the lateral horn but white matter; lateral columns of white matter containing tracts

66
Q

What is the posterior funiculus?

A

same as horn but white matter; posterior columns of the white matter containing tracts

67
Q

What is the anterior funiculus?

A

same as horn but white matter; anterior columns of the white matter containing tracts

68
Q

What is the gray commissure?

A

bridge between both sides of the horns; transverse bar of gray matter surrounding the central canal

69
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

tapered, inferior end of the spinal cord; on the sacrum and above the coccyx, looks like a cone

70
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

comes off the conus medullaris just above the coccyx; collection of nerve roots inferior to conus medullaris; like a horses tail

Anatomy (22 decks)

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