The Respiratory System 3 Flashcards
How can tidal volume be increased?
By inhaling more vigorously and exhaling more completely
What is alveolar volume?
The amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute
What is the amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute called?
Alveolar volume
What is tidal volume called?
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
What is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath called?
Tidal volume
What is vital capacity?
The tidal volume plus expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes
What is tidal volume + expiratory + inspiratory reserve volumes called?
Vital capacity
What is residual volume?
Air left in lungs after maximum exhalation
What is the air left in the lungs after maximum exhalation?
Residual volume
What is resting tidal volume?
The amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions
What is the average resting tidal volume for both males and females?
500mls in both males and females
What is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions called?
Resting Tidal Volume
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that you can voluntarily expel after you have completed a normal, quiet respiratory cycle
What is the amount of air that you can voluntarily expel after you have completed a normal quiet respiratory cycle called?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
What is ERV in females?
700 mls
What is ERV in males?
1000 mls
What is residual volume?
The amount of air that remains in your lungs even after a maximal exhalation
What is the amount of air that remains in your lungs even after a maximal exhalation called?
Residual volume
What is the average residual volume in males?
1200 mls
What is the average residual volume in females?
1100 mls
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that you can take in above the Tidal volume
What is the amount of air that you can take in above the Tidal volume called?
Inspiratory reserve volume
What is average inspiratory reserve volume in men?
3300mls
What is the average inspiratory reserve volume in women?
1900 mls
What is vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air that you can move into or out of your lungs in a single respiratory cycle
What is the maximum amount of air that you can move into or out of your lungs in a single respiratory cycle called?
Vital capacity
What is the equation for vital capacity?
Expiratory reserve + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve
What is total lung capacity?
Total volume of the lungs = vital capacity + residual volume
What is the vital capacity + residual volume equal to?
Total lung capacity
What is the average total lung capacity for males?
6000 ml in males
What is the average total lung capacity for females?
4500 mls
Give an example of a pulmonary function test.
The forced test
What can asthma and cigarette-related lung disease do?
4
It can alter the volumes that can be contained within and expired from the lungs
They increase the resistance to gas flow offered by the conducting airways
Breathing becomes difficult
Gas exchange becomes impaired
What is forced vital capacity?
When a vital capacity manoeuvre is carried out with maximal effort to expel all the vital capacity in the minimal possible time interval
List four obstructive disorders.
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cystic fibrosis
Lung cancer/tumours
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema or both together
What indicates an obstructive pulmonary disorder?
3
Normal or slightly low FVC
Low FEV 1
Low ratio = 40-50%
List five restrictive disorders.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Damage to rib cage
Skeletal disorder
Muscular disorder
Pulmonary edema
Give an example of a skeletal disorder
Scoliosis
Give an example of a muscular disorder
Muscular dystrophy
Give an example of a pulmonary edema
Right heart failure
What three things indicate a restrictive lung disorder?
Very low FVC
Low FEV1
High or normal ratio e.g. 90%
