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1. 2 Organ System Physiology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the cerebrum located?

A

At the back of the brain

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2
Q

What is the white matter of the brain called?

A

The ‘tree of life’

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3
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

Interneurons

Motor neurons

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4
Q

What is grey matter organised into?

A

Clusters of nerve cell bodies called nuclei

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5
Q

Where is grey matter found?

2

A

Around the outside

Inside isolated regions of the cerebrum

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6
Q

How is white matter arranged?

A

It is arranged in tracts that connect areas of the brain

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7
Q

Why is the white matter white?

2

A

Because it is made up of axons

Axons are made of fatty material

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8
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

The cerebrum

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9
Q

Describe the structure of the cerebrum.

4

A

2 hemispheres

Corpus collosum (and 2 smaller connections) connects the 2 hemispheres

Upfoldings called gyri

Grooves called sulci

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10
Q

What is the outer grey matter of the cerebrum called?

A

Cerebral cortex

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11
Q

What does the corpus collosum do?

A

It connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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12
Q

What are the upfoldings of the cerebrum called?

A

Gyri

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13
Q

What are the grooves of the cerebrum called?

A

Sulci

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14
Q

What are gyri?

A

Upfoldings in the cerebrum

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15
Q

What are sulci?

A

Grooves in the cerebrum

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16
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

The corpus collosum (and the 2 smaller connections)

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17
Q

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum?

A

Five

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18
Q

Name the five lobes of the cerebrum.

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Insula

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19
Q

What divides the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Sulci

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20
Q

How many bones make up the cranium?

A

8

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21
Q

How are the 8 cranial bones named?

A

They get their names from the lobes

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22
Q

Where is the insula located?

A

Inside the brain

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23
Q

What is the insula responsible for?

A

Taste

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24
Q

What are the seven main functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

Sensation/perception

Voluntary movement

Self awareness

Communication

Recognition

Intelligence

Emotion

25
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

The central sulcus

26
Q

What part of the cerebrum is associated with somatic motor functions?

A

The precentral gyrus of the central sulcus

27
Q

What part of the cerebrum is associated with somatic sensory function?

A

Post central gyrus

28
Q

What is the precentral gyrus of the central sulcus responsible for?

A

Somatic motor functions

29
Q

What is the post central gyrus responsible for?

A

Somatic Sensory function

We become aware of sensory information here

30
Q

What are the three functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

Motor

Sensory

Association - integration, sharing or processing of information

31
Q

What is the motor function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Controls voluntary motor functions

32
Q

What is the sensory function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Allows conscious recognition of stimuli

33
Q

Name the three most important areas of the cerebrum

A

Central sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Post central gyrus

34
Q

Name the four critical motor areas.

A

Primary somatic motor cortex

Premotor cortex

Broca’s area (speech)

Frontal eye field

35
Q

How is the primary motor cortex divided up?

A

Its divided based on body parts

36
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

This is the area where all conscious motor functions are controlled from

37
Q

How does the primary motor cortex control conscious motor functions?

A

The axons leaving here synapse with the cranial or spinal nerve which signal the skeletal muscle to contract

38
Q

How many areas are there to the primary motor cortex?

A

Eight

39
Q

How does the primary motor cortex work?

A

Upper motor neurons are in the cortex of the cerebrum

Axon connects down through the body through the white matter and brain stem

40
Q

What is a stroke also called?

A

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

41
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Ischemic

Haemorrhagic

42
Q

What % of all strokes are ischemic?

A

80% ischemic

43
Q

What % of all strokes are haemorrhagic?

A

20% haemorrhagic

44
Q

What is a ischemic stroke?

A

An occlusion, a narrowing, a thrombus or embolism

45
Q

What is a haemorrhagic stroke?

A

a bleed, a ruptured blood vessel, hypertension, vascular malformations or trauma

46
Q

Where is the premotor cortex found?

A

Its found anterior to the primary motor cortex

47
Q

What is the premotor cortex involved in?

A

Its involved in learned or patterned skills e.g. typing or driving

48
Q

How does the premotor cortex work?

A

It sends out commands to the skeletal muscle to carry out a sequence of skeletal muscle contractions

49
Q

Where is the Broca’s area found?

A

It’s found in only one hemisphere

50
Q

What does the Broca’s area do?

A

It directs muscles of the tongue, lips and throat that are used in speech

51
Q

What is the frontal eye field?

2

A

It controls voluntary eye movements

It allows the eye to scan

52
Q

List the six sensory areas.

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

Visual cortex

Auditory cortex

Olfactory cortex

Gustatory cortex

Vestibular cortex

53
Q

What is the primary sensory cortex?

A

The area where all sensory information we are conscious of is sent

54
Q

What is the visual cortex?

A

All sensory visual information we are aware of comes here

55
Q

Where is the visual cortex found?

2

A

It’s found in the occipital lobe

Its connected to the eye by the optic nerve

56
Q

Where is the auditory cortex found?

A

It’s located in the temporal lobe

It’s connected to the ear and receives the in

57
Q

What does the auditory cortex do?

A

It receives information collected in the ear about sound

58
Q

What is the oldest sense?

A

Smell

59
Q

How does smell work?

A

Chemical stimuli at the nose are picked up by Receptors

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

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