Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. 2 Organ System Physiology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

How many different types of capillaries are there?

A

3 types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three different types of capillaries?

A

Continuous

Fenestrated

Sinusoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common type of capillary?

A

Continuous capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Write a note on continuous capillaries.

4

A

No pores

No gaps

Tight junctions between cells

Diffusion across the wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name one place where continuous capillaries are found.

A

Gas exchange near alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Write a note on fenestrated capillaries.

4

A

Have pores than span the endothelial lining

Permit rapid diffusion of H2O, small peptides and such solutes

Present in the brain (choroid plexus - CSF), hypothalamus, pituitary gland and thyroid gland

Present in GIT absorptive surface and renal filtration sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

6

A

GIT absorptive surfaces

Renal filtration sites

Brain

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main function of fenestrated capillaries?

A

They permit rapid diffusion of H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Write a note on sinusoidal capillaries.

4

A

Large gaps in the endothelial cells

May have macrophages associated with them

Found in the liver

Have an absence of a basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What runs parallel to veins?

A

Lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many different types of arteries are there?

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three different types of arteries?

A

Elastic arteries

Muscular arteries

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Write a note on elastic arteries.

3

A

Stretchy

Mostly wall is elastic and collagen (little muscle)

Also called windkessel vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give two examples of elastic arteries.

A

Aorta

Corotic artery in neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are elastic arteries also called?

A

Windkessel vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the windkessel effect on the aorta.

5

A

It ensures smooth blood flow

The aorta is stretchy

The aorta fills as the heart pumps blood out

When the heart starts filling again the aorta recoils which pushes blood towards the arteriole

Blood leaves heart at a constant flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define the windkessel effect.

A

A rhythmic fluid ejection from the heart is transformed into a fairly uniform flow in the arteries with reduced pressure oscillations (reduced pulse strength)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What fibre type in the wall of the aorta allows the windkessel effect to happen?

A

Elastin fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to our elastic arteries as we get older?

2

A

As we get older we loose electricity

As this happens we lose compliance which is important in the heart and lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens if our arteries loose their compliance?

A

It results in higher blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Write a note on muscular arteries.

4

A

Three tunica

They are not completely open

Often called resistance vessels

They can change their radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are muscular arteries also called?

A

Resistance vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a change in the radius of a muscular artery determine?

A

Flow to any one area (often organs)

Hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the three tunica of a muscular artery?

A

Internal elastic lamina

Tunica media

Tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the tunica media of muscular arteries?

A

A big thick muscular layer

27
Q

What is a tunica externa in a muscular artery?

A

A connective tissue layer

28
Q

What happens when you change the radius of a muscular artery?
(2)

A

It determines blood pressure into capillaries

It determines how much blood goes into any organ

29
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaques of fat in vessels wall between intima and media lamina

30
Q

What is a stent?

2

A

wire mesh put in an artery to keep it open

A balloon catheter widens the artery and opens the mesh

31
Q

Write a note on arterioles.

6

A

Resistance vessels

Determine size of capillary exchange area

Local factors control the number of capillaries receiving blood

Thick muscular layer

Branch off from muscular arteries

Control where we send blood

32
Q

What do arterioles control?

A

Where we send blood

33
Q

What are veins also called?

A

Capacitance vessels

34
Q

What percentage of blood is in the veins?

A

64%

35
Q

What do all veins do?

A

They return blood to the heart

They help us deal with a sudden loss of blood by acting as a reservoir

36
Q

What two organs are good stores of blood?

A

Liver and spleen

37
Q

How much of your blood can you loose before it becomes a medical emergency?

A

We can loose about 1/5th of our blood

38
Q

In relation to the heart what are veins called?

A

They are called the adjustable forechamber of the heart

39
Q

Why are veins called the adjustable forechamber of the heart?

A

They can decrease or increase flow back to the heart

40
Q

What percentage of blood volume is venous reserve?

A

About 20% of blood volume

41
Q

What veins have valves?

A

Veins in the limbs and the neck

42
Q

Why do veins have valves?

2

A

To return the blood to the heart against gravity

To compartmentalise blood (distribute its weight)

43
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

The valves in limbs don’t work correctly

44
Q

How do veins differ from arteries?

A

Larger in diameter than arteries

Have thinner walls than arteries

Have lower blood pressure

45
Q

How many tunica do veins have?

A

Three tunica

46
Q

What three tunica do veins have?

A

Internal

Tunica Media

Tunica Externa

47
Q

What is the internal elastic media of veins made of?

A

Epithelia and connective tissue

48
Q

What is the tunica media of veins made of?

A

Smooth muscle and elastic

49
Q

What is the tunica externa of veins made of?

A

Connective tissue

50
Q

What are the three types of veins?

A

Venules

Medium-sized veins

Large veins

51
Q

What are venules?

2

A

Very small veins

Collect blood from capillaries

52
Q

What are medium-sized veins?

2

A

Thin tunica media and few smooth muscle

Tunica externa with longitudinal bundles of elastic fibres

53
Q

What are large veins?

3

A

Veins with three tunica layers

Thick tunica externa

Thin tunica media

54
Q

What are venous valves ?

A

Folds of the tunica intima

55
Q

What do venous valves do?

A

They prevent blood from flowing backwards

Compression - push blood towards the heart

56
Q

Where are large veins found?

A

In between skeletal muscle

57
Q

What happens when we exercise our skeletal muscle?

A

Our skeletal muscle works harder which forces blood up the veins harder

58
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels begin?

A

In the peripheral tissue

59
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels end?

A

They end by emptying into great veins

60
Q

What do lymphatic vessels do with their contents?

A

They return their fluid and solutes to general circulation

61
Q

What is the function of lymph vessels?

A

They transport fats from GIT to liver

62
Q

How do lymph vessels differ from veins?

A

Lymph vessels have more valves than veins

63
Q

What are shunt vessels?

A

Vessels joining arteries and veins, bypassing capillaries

64
Q

What is the function of shunt vessels?

A

They are important in thermoregulation

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions