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1. 2 Organ System Physiology > Internal Anatomy of The Heart > Flashcards

Internal Anatomy of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What does the right atrium communicate with?

A

The right ventricle

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2
Q

What does the left atrium communicate with?

A

The left ventricle

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3
Q

What guards the opening between the atria and the ventria?

A

The atrioventricular valves

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4
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves found?

A

In the opening between the atria and the ventria

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5
Q

What do the AV nodes do?

A

The permit blood flow in one direction only - atria to ventricles

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6
Q

What separates the atria?

A

An interatrial septum made of muscle

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7
Q

What is the role of the interatrial septum?

A

It separates the atria

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8
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

3

A

A connection between the atria in the foetus

It closes soon after birth to form the fossa ovalis

If it doesn’t close it causes a hole in the heart

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9
Q

What is the name of the connection between the atria in the foetus called?

A

The foramen ovale

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10
Q

What is a closed foramen ovale called?

A

Fossa ovalis

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11
Q

From where does the right atrium receive blood?

3

A

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Coronary sinus

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12
Q

What directs blood in the atrium downwards?

A

Ridges in the walls of the atrium

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13
Q

What does the superior vena cava do?

A

It drains the head, neck, upper limbs and chest

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14
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do?

A

It drains blood from the rest of the trunk, the viscera and lower limbs

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15
Q

What does the coronary sinus do?

A

Drains blood from the coronary veins

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16
Q

What muscles make up the right atrium?

A

Pectinate muscles

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17
Q

What are pectinate muscles?

2

A

Muscles containing prominent muscular ridges

Found on arterior wall and inner surfaces of right auricle

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18
Q

What wall of the atrium has ridges?

A

The right wall

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19
Q

Other than the right wall of the atrium, where are ridges present?

A

The auricle

20
Q

Why are auricles named so?

A

When they aren’t filled with blood they deflate and look like an auricle/ear

21
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive it’s blood from?

A

From the right atrium

22
Q

What binds the opening into the right ventricle?

A

The tricuspid valve

23
Q

How are the cusps of the tricuspid valve attached?

A

Attached to the walls of the right ventricle by fibrous cords (Chordae Tendinae)

24
Q

How are Chordae Tendinae attached to the wall of the right ventricle?

A

By papillary muscle

25
Q

What are the chordae tendinae also called?

A

Heart strings

26
Q

Other than chordae tendinae what does the papillary muscle attach?

A

The moderator band

27
Q

What does the right ventricle empty into?

A

The pulmonary trunk

28
Q

What guards the opening of the pulmonary trunk?

A

The pulmonary semilunar valve - a 3 cusped (tricuspid) valve

29
Q

From where does the left atrium receive blood?

A

Receives blood from the two left and two right pulmonary veins

30
Q

How is blood passed from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

A

Via the lest AV valve

31
Q

What is the AV valve between the LA and LV also called?

A

The mitral valve (its a 2 cusped bicuspid valve_

32
Q

Where does blood exist the left ventricle?

A

At the aortic semilunar valve

33
Q

Where is the aortic semilunar valve attached?

A

Its attached to the ascending aorta by extensions called the aortic sinuses

34
Q

How is the LV different from the RV?

2

A

The LV is larger and the muscle is thicker

Has no moderator band

35
Q

Name the two semilunar valves.

A

Pulmonary tricuspid valve

Aortic tricuspid valve

36
Q

What do the semilunar valves do?

A

They prevent backflow from pulmonary trunk and aorta into ventricles

37
Q

Describe the structure of the semilunar valves.

2

A

Have no muscular support

Three cusps support like tripod

38
Q

Where are the aortic sinuses?

A

At the base of the ascending aorta

39
Q

What are the aortic sinuses?

2

A

They are sacs that prevent valve cusps from sticking to aorta

They are the origin of the right and the left coronary arteries

40
Q

What is the blood supply to the heart muscle called?

A

Coronary circulation

41
Q

What makes up the coronary circulation?

A

Coronary arteries

Cardiac veins

42
Q

What makes up the coronary arteries?

A

The right and left coronary arteries and their branches

43
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply with blood?

3

A

The right atrium

The posterior ventricles

Portions of the conducting system

44
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply with blood?

3

A

The left atrium

The anterior surface of the left ventricle

The interventricular septum

45
Q

What is anastomosis?

A

Interconnections of the branches of the coronary arteries

46
Q

What do coronary veins do?

3

A

The drain the heart muscle of blood

They untie to form the coronary sinus

The empty into the right atrium

47
Q

Name the four coronary veins.

A

The great cardiac vein

The posterior cardiac vein

The middle cardiac vein

The anterior cardiac vein

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

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