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1. 2 Organ System Physiology > Renal And Urinary Physiology 2 > Flashcards

Renal And Urinary Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the loop of Henle do?

A

It concentrates urine

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2
Q

Where does the loop of Henle receive filtrate from?

A

Receives filtrate from PCT

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3
Q

What are the two regions of the loop of Henle?

A

Descending region

Ascending region

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4
Q

What is the descending region of the loop of Henle made of?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What is the descending region of the loop of Henle permeable to?

A

Its permeable to water

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6
Q

What is the ascending region of the loop of Henle made of?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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7
Q

What is the ascending region of the loop of Henle impermeable to?

A

Its impermeable to water

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8
Q

What does the distal convoluted tubule do?

2

A

Performs final adjustments of urine

Active secretion of absorption

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9
Q

Write a note on absorption in the DCT.

2

A

Tubular cells actively reabsorb Na+ and Cl-

In exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions

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10
Q

What is the DCT lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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11
Q

What happens in the collecting ducts?

2

A

Re-absorption

Secretion

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12
Q

What is re-absorbed in the collecting system?

3

A

Sodium ions

Bicarbonate

Urea

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13
Q

What is secreted in the collecting system?

A

Hydrogen or bicarbonate ions

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14
Q

What is controlled by secreting hydrogen or bicarbonate ions?

A

pH

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15
Q

What hormones regulate water and solute loss?

A

Aldosterone

Anti-diuretic hormone

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16
Q

Where is aldosterone produced?

A

The adrenal cortex

17
Q

When is aldosterone produced?

3

A

When plasma Na + is too low

When plasma K+ is too high

Angiotensin II stimulates it

18
Q

What is concentration measured in?

A

Osmolarity

19
Q

What happens if blood osmolarity rises?

2

A

Water reabsorption increases

Urine volume decreases

20
Q

What happens if blood osmolarity falls?

2

A

Water reabsorption decreases

Urine volume increases

21
Q

What measures blood osmolarity?

A

Neurons in the hypothalamus osmoreceptors

22
Q

What does the level of osmolarity measured determine?

A

It determines how much antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

23
Q

What produces antidiuretic hormone?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

24
Q

List the events that happen after high blood osmolarity occurs.
(5)

A

This is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

Posterior pituitary gland increases its ADH release

ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water

Increased water reabsorption

Blood osmolarity falls

25
Q

What must happen for blood osmolarity to fall?

A

Increased water reabsorption

26
Q

What are diuretics?

A

Chemicals that enhance urine output

27
Q

What is an osmotic diuretic?

A

A substance that is filtered but not reabsorbed

28
Q

What does caffeine do to osmolarity?

A

Caffeine inhibits renal sodium reabsorption

29
Q

What does alcohol do to osmolarity?

A

Alcohol inhibits ADH release

30
Q

What is urinalysis?

A

A physical and/or chemical examination of the urine

31
Q

What does composition of normal urine vary with?

A

It varies with the metabolic and hormonal events of the body

32
Q

What might bilirubin in urine indicate?

A

It may indicate liver damage or disease

33
Q

What might glucose in urine indicate?

A

Diabetes

34
Q

What might haemoglobin in urine indicate?

A

May be a sign of kidney damage, infection, kidney or bladder stones, kidney or bladder cancer or blood disorders

35
Q

What might ketones in urine indicate?

A

Diabetes or high protein diet

36
Q

What might nitrite in urine indicate?

A

Urinary tract infection

37
Q

What might abnormal urine pH indicate?

A

Kidney or urinary tract disorder

38
Q

What might protein in urine indicate?

A

Large amount may indicate a kidney problem

39
Q

What might high urine specific gravity indicate?

A

Result of not drinking enough fluids

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

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