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1. 2 Organ System Physiology > The Respiratory System 2 > Flashcards

The Respiratory System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

What does the movement of air depend on?

2

A

Boyle’s Law

Lung compliance

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3
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure and volume have aninverse relationship

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4
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

A measure of the ease at which our lungs can stretch

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5
Q

What are the two phases to each breathe?

A

Inhalation

Exhalation

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6
Q

What is inhalation also called?

A

Inspiration

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7
Q

What is inhalation?

A

Air is pulled into the lungs

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8
Q

What is exhalation?

A

Air is pushed out of the lungs

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9
Q

What is exhalation also called?

A

Expiration

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10
Q

What does breathing do?

2

A

It delivers oxygen to the alveoli

It removes carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What exactly is breathing?

A

The continuous cycles of inhalation and exhalation

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12
Q

What is respiration rate?

A

The amount of breaths per minute

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13
Q

What is average respiration rate?

A

10 to 15 breaths per minute

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14
Q

What controls the movement of inhalation and exhalation?

A

Movements of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

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15
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A sheath of muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity

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16
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

A rectus muscle

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17
Q

Why is the diaphragm considered a rectus muscle?

A

Due to the skeletal muscle fibres running longitudinally

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18
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

2

A

The diaphragm contracts and moves down

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to increase

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19
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A

The diaphragm moves down

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20
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

3

A

The diaphragm returns to its curved position

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease

The pressure in the thoracic cavity then increases

21
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

When there is a hole in the thoracic cavity which upsets the pressure relationship which could cause the collapse of a lung

22
Q

What causes a pneumothorax?

A

When air leaks from inside of the lung to the space between the lung and the chest wall

23
Q

How do accessory muscles work?

A

By raising the rib cage

24
Q

What are the four accessory muscles used in inhalation?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Serratus anterior

Pactoralis minor

Scalene muscles

25
Q

What is the serratus anterior?

3

A

It attaches to the scapula

It originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs

Elevates the ribs

26
Q

What does the serratus anterior do?

A

Elevates the ribs

27
Q

Where does the serratus anterior attach?

A

The scapula

28
Q

What is the pectoralis minor?

3

A

It attaches to the scapula

It originates from the outer surfaces of third, fourth and fifth rib

It elevates the ribs

29
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor attach?

A

To the scapula

30
Q

What does the pectoralis minor do?

A

It elevates the ribs

31
Q

What are the two types of exhalation?

A

Passive

Active

32
Q

What does the type of exhalation depend on?

A

It depends on the level of respiratory activity

33
Q

When might exhalation be active?

A

During exercise or disease

34
Q

What muscles might be involved in active exhalation?

3

A

Internal intercostals

Transversus thoracis

Abdominal muscles

35
Q

How do the abdominal muscles aid exhalation?

A

They compress the abdomen and force the diaphragm upwards

36
Q

What is the rectus abdominus?

A

A long flat muscle that extends the length of the abdomen

37
Q

What does the rectus abdominus do?

A

It compresses the ribs and the abdomen

38
Q

What is a respiratory cycle?

A

A single cycle of inhalation and exhalation

39
Q

How are respiratory movements classified?

A

Quiet breathing

Forced breathing

40
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air moved in one cycle

41
Q

What is quiet breathing also called?

A

Eupnoea

42
Q

What is eupnoea?

A

Breathing using the diaphragm and external and intercostals muscles

43
Q

What is hypernoea?

A

Forced breathing

44
Q

What is forced breathing?

A

Breathing using the accessory muscles

45
Q

What is forced breathing also called?

A

Hypernoea

46
Q

What is difficulty breathing also called?

A

Dyspnoea

47
Q

What is deep breathing also called?

A

Diaphragmatic breathing

48
Q

What is shallow breathing also called?

A

Costal breathing

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

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