Cardiovascular System Exam Notes

Question 1

Write a note on continuous capillaries.

6

Answer 1

Most common type of capillary

No pores

No gaps

Tight junctions between cells

Diffusion across the wall

Found near alveoli

Question 2

Write a note on fenestrated capillaries.

2

Answer 2

Have pores that span endothelial lining which permit rapid diffusion of water, small peptides and such solutes

Present in brain, GIT absorptive surface and renal filtration sites

Question 3

Write a note on sinusoidal capillaries.

4

Answer 3

Large gaps in the endothelial cells

May have macrophages associated with them

Found in the liver

Have an absence of a basement membrane

Question 4

Write a note on the anatomy of an elastic artery.

4

Answer 4

Stretchy

Wall is made of elastin, collagen and a little muscle

Also called windkessel vessels

Example = aorta

Question 5

Write a note on the histology of elastic arteries

6

Answer 5

Large amount of collagen and elastin in tunica media

Largest arteries

High blood pressure

Less muscle fibres in tunica media

Larger tunica media

Less tunica adventitia

Question 6

Write a note on the functions of elastic arteries,

2

Answer 6

Stretch and recoil

Transforms flow

Question 7

Write a note on the anatomy of muscular arteries

3

Answer 7

Also called resistance vessels

Can constrict and relax to change their diameter to control blood flow into organs and pressure into capillaries

Vasodilation - smooth muscle contraction in artery

Question 8

Write a note on the histology of muscular arteries

4

Answer 8

Less elastin and collagen in tunica media

More muscle fibres in tunica media

More tunica adventitia

Smaller

Question 9

Write a note on the functions of muscular arteries.

Answer 9

Regulate flow and pressure to organs and capillaries

Question 10

Write a note on the anatomy of arterioles

4

Answer 10

Resistance vessels

Determine size of capillary exchange area

Branch off from muscular arteries

Control where we send blood

Question 11

Write a note on the histology of arterioles

Answer 11

Thick muscular area

Question 12

Write a note on the functions of arterioles.

Answer 12

Regulate flow in capillary bed

Question 13

Write a note on veins

4

Answer 13

Capacitance vessels

The adjustable fore-chamber of the heart

Stores 64% of blood

Return blood to the heart

Question 14

Write a note on the functions of veins

3

Answer 14

Collect blood from capillaries in tissues and organs

Return blood to heart

Store blood for emergencies

Question 15

Write a note on the anatomy of the veins. (general)

3

Answer 15

Tunica interna of epithelium and connective tissue

Tunica media - smooth muscle and elastin

Tunica externa - connective tissue

Question 16

Write a note on how excitation spreads through the heart

Answer 16

SA node - excitation through both atria - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibres of left and right bundle branched- both ventricles activated

Question 17

Whats the different between contractile and conducting cells

Answer 17

Contractile cells =99% of cells in atria and ventria - they conduct the impulses for contraction (they contract)

Conducting cells - make up conducting system along with the nodes and fibres - they initiate signals and (they conduct)