The Reproductive System Flashcards
Pelvic Inlet
Where the demarcation between the abdominal and pelvic cavities occur
- Transverse plane that crosses the superior borders of the pubis and sacrum
Testes
Organs of male reproductive system responsible for spermatozoa production and the primary testosterone source in males
Scrotum
Where the testes descend and reside during development
Spermatic Cord
Conduit between the scrotum and abdominopelvic cavity
Cremaster Muscle
Contracts and relaxes (scrotum), elevating and lowering the testes
- Contraction: When testes is too cold and needs to be warmed (elevation)
- Relaxing: When testes is too warm and needs to be cooled (lowering)
- regulates temperature of testes
Testicular Artery
Brings blood from the aorta and is surrounded by the veins pampiniform plexus
Testicular Vein
Formed from the network of veins (pampiniform plexus) on each side of body
Testicular Vein
Formed from the network of veins (pampiniform plexus) on each side of body
Rete testis
Tubule network that collects sperm from several seminiferous tubules
Efferent Ductules
Outside the testis and carries sperm to the epididymis
Epididymis
Long coiled tube that lies across the testis
Ductus Deferens (vas deferens)
Where the epididymis terminates and carries sperm up through the spermatic cord through the pelvic cavity to ultimately joint the urethra
Perineal Muscles
Contracts in pelvic floor to propel semen through the urethra during ejaculation
Ejaculatory Duct
Formed by fusion of the 2 seminal vesicles with a ductus deferents and travel through prostate to join urethra
Seminal Vesicles’ Fluid
Provides energy to sperm cells as fructose and contain buffers to neutralize the vagina’s acidic environment
Prostate
Gland that make prostatic fluid and is home to the prostatic urethra and the 2 ejaculatory ducts that join it
(2) Bulbourethral Glands
Found in the pelvis’s muscular floor and each have a short duct that connects to the membranous urethra
- Basic mucus to allow sperm to go through acidic vagina
Chambers of Erectile Tissue
Corpora Cavernosa: Paired upper chambers that attach to the inferior rami of pubic bones
Corpus Spongiosum: Surrounds the urethra as it emerges from the flood of the pelvis and enlarged at the distal end of the penis forming the glans region
Glans
Expansion of the corpus spongiosum and the opening of the urethra is found at its center
Penis
Made of erectile tissues that expand with blood during erection by dilation of arteries and constriction of veins
Ovaries
Produce oocytes (egg cells) that travel through uterine tubes to the uterus
Vagina
Leads to the exterior of the body from the uterus. Receives penis during sex and birth canal.
Uterus
Allows for implantation and the formation of a placenta
(upper fundus, middle body, lower cervix)
Infundibulum
Where ovulated oocytes are swept into by its finger-like fimbriae
- uterine tube
Fimbriae
Finger like projections of the infundibulum
Where does Fertilization occur
Infundibulum or the ampulla
Isthmus
Formed by the narrowing of the uterine tube
Ampulla
Slightly enlarged region of the uterine tube b/w isthmus and infundibulum
Cervical Canal’s 2 Ends
Internal os (opening) and external os
3 Layers of the Uterus
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Endometrium
Innermost layer of the uterus that is shed with each menstrual cycle and regenerated for next cycle. Placenta.
Myometrium
Middle and most substantial layer of the uterus made of smooth muscle that contracts during labor to push the fetus through the cervical canal
Perimetrium
The outermost layer of the uterus and made of parietal peritoneum and found where the uterus bulges into the peritoneal cavity
Perimetrium
The outermost layer of the uterus and made of parietal peritoneum and found where the uterus bulges into the peritoneal cavity
Labia Majora
Skin covered part of the vulva
Vulva
The external genitalia
Labia Minora
Internal to the labia majora and covered by mucose which merge anteriorly to form the hood of the clitoris
Clitoris
Small erectile organ derived from an embryological structure that forms the penis in males
Glans (female)
Only visible part of the clitoris
External urethral orifice
Posterior to the glans of the clitoris and is followed by the vaginal orifice
Pampiniform Plexus
Network of veins that cool the incoming arterial blood, thereby lowering the testis’ temperature.
