Introduction to Osteology and the Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 1

Adipose-rich marrow that fills the marrow cavities and spaces surrounding the trabeculae in adults

Question 2

Bone

Answer 2

Composed of outer compact bone and inner spongy bone

• Long (brachium), short (carpals), flat (frontal bone), irregular (vertebra)

Question 3

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 3

Fills spongy bone in the regions of the axial skeleton and proximal limb bones

Question 4

Long Bone Features

Answer 4

• Diaphysis: the long shaft of the bone
• Epiphyses: Knob-like enlargements on the ends of a long bone
• Articular Cartilage: Covers epiphyses where it meets other bones
• Epiphyseal Plate: made of growing cartilage until adulthood, then bone, where the growth of long bone occurs
• Epiphyseal Line: Location of bone overtaken by the epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Osteological Features

Answer 5

(Regions of articulation) - Head, condyle, epicondyle, (elevations) - process, tubercle, tuberosity, trochanter, (depression/holes) -foramen, meatus, fissure, fossa - depression

Question 6

Osseous Joints

Answer 6

Immovable and formed when 2 bones grow together

Question 7

Spongy Bone

Answer 7

Spongy bone is made of trabeculae (bone tissue made into small structural beams)
-filled with spongy bones

Question 8

Spongy Bone

Answer 8

Spongy bone is made of trabeculae (bone tissue made into small structural beams)
-filled with spongy bones

Question 9

Fibrous Joints

Answer 9

Insignificant movement and held together by fibrous connective tissue

Question 10

Synovial Joints

Answer 10

Highly mobile and consist of articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint cavity,
- pivot, hinge, plane, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket joint

Question 11

Plane Joint

Answer 11

Simples and movement is restricted to those within the plane of the 2 flat surfaces (carpal and tarsal)

Question 12

Pivot Joint

Answer 12

Simple, rotation around central axis (1st 2 vertebrae of the neck = turning head)

Question 13

Hinge Joint

Answer 13

Bending elbows and knees (flexion and extension occur within single plane)

Question 14

Saddle Joint

Answer 14

2 concave surfaces opposed in these joints, movements occur in 2 planes (90 degrees from each other) (movements : rotating forward/backward and side to side - ankle)

Question 15

Condyloid

Answer 15

Movement in 2 planes, convex and concave surface and can not rotate along the central axis - wrist

Question 16

Ball and Socket

Answer 16

• highest degree of motion - one ball-shaped and one concave shaped bones - movements in all planes (hip and shoulder)