The Heart and Major Blood Vessels Flashcards
Mediastinum
- Heart, thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, great vessels of the heart location
- Central division of the thoracic cavity between the pleural cavity (where the lungs are)
Pericardial Cavity
What the heart is surround by
- Thin, fluid-filled cavity that ensures a low friction environment in the heart’s movement
Fibrous Pericardium
Contains Pericardial cavity
Systemic Circuit
Double circuit delivering blood to nearly the entire body
- Blood leaves heart at aorta, travels through body main arteries, arrives at systemic capillaries, blood is collected by veins that empty into vena cava before reaching the heart
Pulmonary Circuit
Blood leaves heart at pulmonary trunk and travels through pulmonary arteries to the pulmonary capillaries
Chambers of the Heart
Small atria and larger ventricles
Right Atrium and Auricle
Receive blood from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (body’s largest veins)
Coronary Sinus
Small vein sending blood to the right atrium
- Formed by the cardiac veins
Pulmonary Veins (4)
Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium and its auricle
Right Ventricle
Pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures through the aorta
Pulmonary Trunk
Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
Branch form base of aorta and deliver oxygen to the cells of the heart
- branch to form capillaries
Cardiac veins
Returns blood from right and left coronary arteries
Outermost layer of the heart
Epicardium
Endocardium
Innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles (in contact with blood)
Myocardium
Middle, thick layer thgat contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue
Epicardium
Outer layer of the heart and holds some fat
- Wher coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel
Pericardial Cavity
Surrounds heart and forms a thin layer
- Fluid and helps ensure heart beats within a friction-free environment
Visceral and Parietal Pericardia
Form the pericardial cavity’s inner and outer boundaries
- Visceral is same membrane as epicardium
Fibrous Pericardium
External to the parietal pericardium and is the outermost structures
- Limits heart’s expansion during filling and forms the outer border of the pericardial cavity
Layers of Heart (Outer to Inner)
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium
Atrioventricular Valves
B/w atria and ventricles and ensure backflow of blood into atria does not occur
Chordae tendineae
Small cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricle walls in the AV valves
Papillary muscles
Small finger-like projections that hold the chordae tendineae
Tricuspid Valve (Right AV)
3 cusps/leaflets that come together during the contraction of the ventricles
Bicuspid (Mitral/Left AV) Valve
Like a bishop’s heat
Semilunar Valves
On other side of the ventricles and ensure that high-pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relax
Aortic Valve (SLV)
Between left ventricle and aorta
Pulmonary Valve (SLV)
Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Pectinate (comb) Muscles
Muscular ridges on the internal wall of the atria
Trabeculae Carneae (meat beams)
Muscular ridges in the ventricles
Interventricular Septum
Thick wall separating the two ventricles
Interatrial septum
Thin wall separating the two atria
Fossa Ovalis
Small depression within the wall that separates the 2 atria
Foramen Ovale
Hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium
- (Where fossa ovalis is now)
- Closes at the time of birth = separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
3 Main Branches of the Aorta in Order
Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Arise from the Brachiocephalic Artery
Right Common Carotid and Right subclavian Arteries
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Formed from left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein
(Same on right side)
Superior Vena Cava
Formed by the merging of both the left and right brachiocephalic vein
Thoracic Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood to lower parts of the body
Abdominal Aorta
What the thoracic aorta becomes after passing through the diaphragm
Common Iliac Arteries
Splits to form the internal iliac artery and external iliac artery on each side of the body
- due to bifurcation as abdominal aorta enters pelvis
Femoral Artery
External iliac artery continues to the leg as the femoral artery
Internal Iliac artery
Serves the pelvis and associated muscle
- From common iliac arteries
Femoral Veins
Become external iliac veins which join internal iliac veins to form common iliac veins
- Forms Inferior vena cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Delivers blood to the heart
Common Carotid Arteries
Supplies blood to the head
Internal Carotid Artery
Penetrates the cranial base and branches to serve the brain and meninges
- W/ vertebral artery
Vertebral Artery
Branch of the subclavian artery that passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae on its way to the cranial cavity
External Carotid Artery
Supplies the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx.
External jugular Vein
Responsible for draining the structures outside of the cranial cavity
Internal jugular Vein
Drains blood from the cranial cavity
Veins in the Head
Internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein, and both the subclavian and internal jugular veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein.
Pulmonary Trunk
- Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs
Arises from the right ventricle and braches into the left pulmonary arteries
Microscopic Alveoli
Where the branches of the pulmonary arteries reach for gas exchange and terminate in capillaries
Celiac Trunk
Anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver and spleen
Superior Mesentric Artery
Anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine an first part of the large intestine
Inferior Mesentric Artery
Anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine
Renal Arteries
Paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys
Gonadal Arteries
Paired arteries that supply the gonads (started off higher in abdominal cavity in embryo)
Paired Renal (to kidneys) veins and Gonadal veins (to gonads)
Drain to the inferior vena cava and left gonadal vein does so indirectly
Portal System
Unique pattern that the veins of the abdominal digestive organ follow
Hepatic Portal Vein
Where the venous drainage from the digestive tracts organs (portal system) go
- Unlike renal and gonadal arteries
Hepatic Sinusoids
Large capillaries of the liver where substances can be removed or added to the blood
- Blood goes from hepatic portal vein
Hepatic Veins
Receive blood from the sinusoids and empty into the inferior vena cava
