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Biol 252L > The Heart and Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

The Heart and Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • Heart, thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, great vessels of the heart location
  • Central division of the thoracic cavity between the pleural cavity (where the lungs are)
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2
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

What the heart is surround by
- Thin, fluid-filled cavity that ensures a low friction environment in the heart’s movement

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3
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Contains Pericardial cavity

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4
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Double circuit delivering blood to nearly the entire body
- Blood leaves heart at aorta, travels through body main arteries, arrives at systemic capillaries, blood is collected by veins that empty into vena cava before reaching the heart

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5
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Blood leaves heart at pulmonary trunk and travels through pulmonary arteries to the pulmonary capillaries

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6
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

Small atria and larger ventricles

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7
Q

Right Atrium and Auricle

A

Receive blood from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (body’s largest veins)

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8
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Small vein sending blood to the right atrium
- Formed by the cardiac veins

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9
Q

Pulmonary Veins (4)

A

Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium and its auricle

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10
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures through the aorta

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12
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs

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13
Q

Right and Left Coronary Arteries

A

Branch form base of aorta and deliver oxygen to the cells of the heart
- branch to form capillaries

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14
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Returns blood from right and left coronary arteries

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15
Q

Outermost layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles (in contact with blood)

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17
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thick layer thgat contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue

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18
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer of the heart and holds some fat
- Wher coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel

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19
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Surrounds heart and forms a thin layer
- Fluid and helps ensure heart beats within a friction-free environment

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20
Q

Visceral and Parietal Pericardia

A

Form the pericardial cavity’s inner and outer boundaries
- Visceral is same membrane as epicardium

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21
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

External to the parietal pericardium and is the outermost structures
- Limits heart’s expansion during filling and forms the outer border of the pericardial cavity

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22
Q

Layers of Heart (Outer to Inner)

A

Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium

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23
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

B/w atria and ventricles and ensure backflow of blood into atria does not occur

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24
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Small cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricle walls in the AV valves

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25
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Small finger-like projections that hold the chordae tendineae

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26
Q

Tricuspid Valve (Right AV)

A

3 cusps/leaflets that come together during the contraction of the ventricles

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27
Q

Bicuspid (Mitral/Left AV) Valve

A

Like a bishop’s heat

28
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

On other side of the ventricles and ensure that high-pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relax

29
Q

Aortic Valve (SLV)

A

Between left ventricle and aorta

30
Q

Pulmonary Valve (SLV)

A

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

31
Q

Pectinate (comb) Muscles

A

Muscular ridges on the internal wall of the atria

32
Q

Trabeculae Carneae (meat beams)

A

Muscular ridges in the ventricles

33
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

Thick wall separating the two ventricles

34
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Thin wall separating the two atria

35
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Small depression within the wall that separates the 2 atria

36
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium
- (Where fossa ovalis is now)
- Closes at the time of birth = separates pulmonary and systemic circulations

37
Q

3 Main Branches of the Aorta in Order

A

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

38
Q

Arise from the Brachiocephalic Artery

A

Right Common Carotid and Right subclavian Arteries

39
Q

Left Brachiocephalic Vein

A

Formed from left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein
(Same on right side)

40
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Formed by the merging of both the left and right brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

Thoracic Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood to lower parts of the body

42
Q

Abdominal Aorta

A

What the thoracic aorta becomes after passing through the diaphragm

43
Q

Common Iliac Arteries

A

Splits to form the internal iliac artery and external iliac artery on each side of the body
- due to bifurcation as abdominal aorta enters pelvis

44
Q

Femoral Artery

A

External iliac artery continues to the leg as the femoral artery

45
Q

Internal Iliac artery

A

Serves the pelvis and associated muscle
- From common iliac arteries

46
Q

Femoral Veins

A

Become external iliac veins which join internal iliac veins to form common iliac veins
- Forms Inferior vena cava

47
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Delivers blood to the heart

48
Q

Common Carotid Arteries

A

Supplies blood to the head

49
Q

Internal Carotid Artery

A

Penetrates the cranial base and branches to serve the brain and meninges
- W/ vertebral artery

50
Q

Vertebral Artery

A

Branch of the subclavian artery that passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae on its way to the cranial cavity

51
Q

External Carotid Artery

A

Supplies the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx.

52
Q

External jugular Vein

A

Responsible for draining the structures outside of the cranial cavity

53
Q

Internal jugular Vein

A

Drains blood from the cranial cavity

54
Q

Veins in the Head

A

Internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein, and both the subclavian and internal jugular veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein.

55
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A
  • Arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs
    Arises from the right ventricle and braches into the left pulmonary arteries
56
Q

Microscopic Alveoli

A

Where the branches of the pulmonary arteries reach for gas exchange and terminate in capillaries

57
Q

Celiac Trunk

A

Anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver and spleen

58
Q

Superior Mesentric Artery

A

Anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine an first part of the large intestine

59
Q

Inferior Mesentric Artery

A

Anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine

60
Q

Renal Arteries

A

Paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys

61
Q

Gonadal Arteries

A

Paired arteries that supply the gonads (started off higher in abdominal cavity in embryo)

62
Q

Paired Renal (to kidneys) veins and Gonadal veins (to gonads)

A

Drain to the inferior vena cava and left gonadal vein does so indirectly

63
Q

Portal System

A

Unique pattern that the veins of the abdominal digestive organ follow

64
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

Where the venous drainage from the digestive tracts organs (portal system) go
- Unlike renal and gonadal arteries

65
Q

Hepatic Sinusoids

A

Large capillaries of the liver where substances can be removed or added to the blood
- Blood goes from hepatic portal vein

66
Q

Hepatic Veins

A

Receive blood from the sinusoids and empty into the inferior vena cava

Biol 252L (18 decks)

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