Respiratory System Flashcards
External Nares
- Where air enters the naval cavity during inspiration
Vestibules
- Where air enters the naval cavity during inspiration
- Spaces surrounded by nasal cartilages and inside nares
Hard Palate
Floor of the nasal cavities
Mucosa
Heats and hiumidifies air
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
Three small bony projections that maximize the surface area of mucosa exposed to the air on the lateral walls
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses
Filled with air and mucosa’s cilia propel mucus into nasal cavity via small pores
- reduce weight of skull and impact resonant qualities of voice
Sinusitis
Inflammation of sinuses and trapped accumulation of mucus = pain
Choanae
Posterior location where the nasal cavities end and where the nasal septum and hard palate terminate
- Nasopharynx
Nasopharynx
Begins at the choanae and soft palate and transmits air to the oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Where air travels to from oropharynx
Auditory (Eustachian) Tube
Opening in nasopharynx
- Passageway allowing for a connection to the middle ear cavity
Median Pharyngeal Tonsil (Adenoid)
In the nasopharynx
Larynx
Voice production and more generally is the passage of air to travel in and out of the lungs
- Opening in laryngopharynx
- B/w trachea and pharynx
Oropharynx
Has 2 palatine tonsils seen in the mirror on either side of the uvula
- has opening to oral cavity and palatine tonsils
Hyoid bone
Conenct to and suspends larynx
Epiglottis
Valve/cartilage to cover the larynx’s superior opening to prevent food and water entering the lower respiratory passages
Forms larynx skeleton
- Thyroid Cartilage: Adam’s Apple
- Cricoid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Supports the inferior portion of the larynx
Vocal Folds
Vocal ligaments covered in laryngeal mucosa
Arytenoid Cartilages
Triangle shaped and position the vocal folds
- tense and move the vocal folds
Glottis
- Allow production of sound by opening and closing
- Hole formed between the two vocal folds
Right Lung
Superior, Middle and inferior lobes
Left lung
Superior and inferior lobes
Visceral Pleura
Outermost covering of the lungs
Thin Pleural cavity
Surrounds the lungs and is filled with fluid that allows the lungs to expand and recoil in a friction-free environment
Parietal Pleura
Against the inner wall of the thorax and forms the outer boundary to the pleural cavity
Bronchial Tree
Trachea and main (primary), lobar (secondary) and segmental (tertiary) bronchi
Right and Left Main Bronchi
Enter the lungs
Lobar Bronchi
2 in left lung and 3 in right lung and each enter the lobe of the lungs
Bronchioles then Terminal Bronchioles
Beyond the tertiary bronchi are these branching airways
Respiratory Bronchioles and Alveoli
Sites of gas exchange and very small
Phrenic Nerves
Formed of the ventral rami by C3-C5 spinal nerves. provides motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm
Diaphragm
Movements of the diaphragm increase the volume of the thorax in the superior-inferior dimension
Accessory Respiratory Muscles
Variety of muscles that move the ribs and may participate in forced inspiration/expiration. Some of these have primary roles and may be recruited to assist in breathing.
