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Biol 252L > Appendicular Skeleton: The Upper Appendage > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton: The Upper Appendage Flashcards

1
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton

A

Made of mobile appendage with a similar pattern of bones between upper and lower limbs

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2
Q

Upper Limbs

A

Phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius, ulna, humerus

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3
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

Scapula and Clavicle

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4
Q

Clavicle

A

Little bone that is composed of the saddle joint (sternoclavicular joint) and the acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Clavicle forms saddle joint with the sternum (facial skeleton and upper limb)
- Cannot rotate

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

The acromial end of the clavicle joins with the acromion of the joint
- Fixed joint with no significant motion

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7
Q

Scapula

A

Flat, triangular and glides over the posterior surface of the thorax

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8
Q

Coracoid Process

A

Attachment for the biceps of the brachii and other muscles of the shoulder

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9
Q

Acromion

A

Joins the scapula to the clavicle at the immobile acromioclavicular joint
- close to the skin and palpable

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10
Q

Spine of the Scapula

A

Follows the acromion medially and forms a ridge that separates the posterior surface into supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
* 3 fossa house the rotator cuff muscles

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11
Q

Subscapular Fossa

A

The entire concave anterior surface that faces the ribs

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12
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

Forms part of the shoulder joint where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula

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13
Q

Contractions of Scapula

A
  • Protraction: Scapula slides laterally and somewhat anteriorly (reaching for something out of reach)
  • Retraction: pull scapulae towards the back center and scapula moves medially
  • Elevation: shrugging your shoulders and scapula moves superiorly
  • Depression: inferior movement of scapula
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14
Q

Humerus

A

THe only bone within the brachium (upper arm)

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15
Q

Head of the Humerus

A

Near 2 tubercles

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16
Q

Lateral Greater Tubercle and Medial Lesser Tubercle

A

The 2 tubercles near the head of the humerus

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17
Q

Intertubercular grouove

A

Lies between the greater and lesser tubercles
- An attachment site for some muscles that move the humerus

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18
Q

Anatomical Neck

A

At the epiphyseal plate that separates the head of the humerus from its diaphysis

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19
Q

Surgical Neck

A

More commonly fractures than the anatomical neck and it is narrower

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20
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Ball and socket joint = a wide range of motion
  • Shoulder
  • B/w glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus
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21
Q

Movements of the Humerus

A
  • Internal Rotation: of the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) rotates humerus inwardly
  • External Rotation: of shoulder joint rotates humerus outwardly
  • Extension: of shoulder moves humerus posteriorly
  • Flexion: of shoulder moves humerus anteriorly
  • Adduction: of shoulder moves humerus towards body
  • Abduction: of shoulder moves humerus away from body
22
Q

Distal Humerus

A

Humerus has 2 condyles (prominent articular surfaces)

23
Q

Trochlea

A

Spool-shaped condyles and articulates with the ulna
- Condyle at distal humerus

24
Q

Capitulum

A

Somewhat spherical and articulates with the radius
- Condyle at distal humerus

25
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

On the posterior surface that allows for full extension of the elbow (humeroulnar joint)

26
Q

Epicondyles

A

Prominent ridges outside of the condyles

27
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A

Attachment for most of the anterior forearm muscles

28
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A

Attachment for most of the posterior forearm muscles

29
Q

Radius and Ulna

A

2 bones of the forearm
- Radius: laterally on thumb side
- Ulna: medially on pinky side

30
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Along the shaft of both the radius and ulna
- Ligamentous connection that holds the bones together

31
Q

Styloid Process

A

Distally, where radius and ulna bone terminates

32
Q

Elbow Joint

A

3 bones and 3 joints

33
Q

Humeroulnar Joint

A
  • Flexion (bends elbow) and extension (straightens elbow)
  • hinge joint
  • ulna rips humerus trochlea like a wrench
34
Q

Coronoid Process and Olecranon process

A

2 sides of the wrench of the ulna that grips grips trochlea

35
Q

Olecranon Process

A

Attachment site for the powerful extensors of the elbow

36
Q

Humeroradial Joint

A

Radius articulates with the capitulum in what looks like a ball and socket joint, but the range of motion of this joint is LIMITED
-Only flexion, extension, and rotation are possible

37
Q

Head of the Radius

A

External rotation of the head of the radius against the capitulum produces supination (external rotation of radius = anterior facing palm)
- Protonation: moves palm to face posteriorly
(Proximal Radioulnar Joint)

38
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

Limited motion
- Radial head fits into a crescent-shaped depression in the ulna (Radial Notch)
- Articulation = pivot joint (permits supination and protonation)

39
Q

Wrist and Hand

A

8 carpal bones = wrist

40
Q

Radiocarpal Joint

A

Primary joint of the wrist (condyloid joint b/w radius and ulana and proximal row of carpals)
- Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

41
Q

Joints between Carpals

A

Plane joints (joints slide past each other)

42
Q

Metacarpals

A

5 metacarpals support the pal of the hand that articulate with the distal row of 4 carpals and the 5 proximal phalanges of the digits

43
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A

B/w metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges (condyloid joints: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

44
Q

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints

A

B/w proximal and intermediate phalanx of the digit (hinge joint: flexion, extension)

45
Q

Distal Interphalangeal Joints

A

B/w intermediate/distal phalanges (flex and extend)

46
Q

Digits II-V

A

3 phalanges each: proximal, intermediate, distal phalanges

47
Q

Digit I

A

Pollex (lacks intermediate phalanx)

48
Q

Metacarpal Bones I-V

A

Make up the palm of the hand and articulate with the 5 proximal phalanges and the distal row of 4 carpals

49
Q

Distal Row of Carpals

A

Capitate, Hamate, Trapezium, Trapezoid

50
Q

Proximal Row of Carpals

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Biol 252L (18 decks)

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