The Digestive System Flashcards
Oral Cavity
Extends from the lips to the soft palate’s posterior limit, from the tongue to the hard palate, and from cheek to cheek
- lined by mucous membrane: produces saliva
Salivary Glands
- Produces most of salivas volume
- Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands
Oropharynx
When swallowing, food/drink is pushed here by the elevation of the tongue
Nasopharynx
Waves of smooth muscle contract (peristalsis), propelling food along the alimentary canal
Laryngopharynx
Where the bolus of food/liquid is propelled towards from the oropharynx and from here to the esophagus
Epiglottis
Cartilage that folds over and blocks the entrance to the trachea to divert food/liquid to the esophagus when you swallow
Incisive Bone
Holds the 4 upper incisors (teeth)
Maxillary Teeth
All upper teeth
Mandibular Teeth
All lower teeth
Quadrants of the Teeth (4)
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
Deciduous Teeth
The first set of teeth in childhood without 3 sets of molars
Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (4)
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (9)
Right/left hypochondriac, epigastric, right/left lumbar, right/left iliac, hypogastric, umbilical
Peritoneal Cavity
Membrane-bound space in the abdominopelvic cavity w/ 3 parts
Visceral peritoneum
Covers many digestive organs as they pass through the abdomen
Parietal peritoneum
Forms the outer wall of the peritoneal cavity and joins the body wall
Mesentery Peritoneum
Forms connection between parietal and visceral layers. Passage for vessels and nerves that communicate with the viscera
Stomach
In the peritoneal cavity and lies in the upper left quadrant primarily
Greater Omentum
Large, fatty expansion of the mesentery that hangs from the stomach and covers the large and small intestines
Cardia
Where the esophagus opens to the stomach
Cardiac Sphincter
At the esophagus and stomach junction
Fundus
Rounded roof of the stomach and superior to the cardia
Body of the Stomach
Middle region of the stomach that tapers towards the small intestine as the pylorus
Pyloric Sphincter (Lower esophageal)
Strong muscle that gates the entrance to the duodenum. Controls output of chyme into duodenum.
Duodenum
Small intestine’s first segment. Receives chyme from the stomach.
- Neutralizes acidic chyme
Chyme
Formed by sphincters on either end of the stomach holding food and drink within its lumen while contractions mix the contents with gastric secretions
Rugae
Gastric walls folded into ridges inside the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach
Hepatic Duct
- Duct found between the liver and common bile ducts
Carries bile away from all lobes of the liver
Cystic Duct
- B/w gallbladder and common bile duct
Carries bile away from the gallbladder and where the gallbladder fills and expands
Common Bile Duct
Carries bile from both liver and gallbladder to duodenum
Gallbladder
Stores bile made from the liver and contracts to move bile to the duodenum to facilitate lipid digestion
Liver
Hepatic bile ducts run throughout the liver which produces bile and exits liver through the common bile duct
- Absorption, elimination, nutrient release
Pylorus
Narrow end of the stomach that leads into the pyloric sphincter
Liver Lobes
Right (biggest back), left (smallest back), caudate (3 sided tail like), quadrate lobes (4-sided region next to the gallbladder)
Portal Triad
Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
- The vessels entering/exiting the liver at the union of the liver lobes
Pancreas
Small clusters of pancreatic islets that produce insulin and glucagon to stabilize blood glucose levels
- digestive enzymes
Spleen
Not part of the digestive system but part of the immune system. Surveillance the blood for the immune system.
- Superior to Stomach
- Left Hypochondriac region
Small Intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- Duodenum = shortest
Jejunum
What the duodenum turns into and occupies the ULQ of the abdomen
- Absorbs nutrients
Ileum
LRQ of the abdomen. Last segment of small intestine and joins the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.
Large Intestine
Cecum, ileocecal junction, appendix, colons, rectum, anus
Cecum
Where the ileum empties its contents at the ileocecal junction
- Small sac that attaches to appendix
Ascending, transverse, descending colon
WHere the material from the cecum is passed up, over, and down and then into the sigmoid colon
Sigmoid Colon
S-shaped and turns into the pelvic cavity and becomes the rectum
Rectum
Straight portion of the large intestine
Anus
Where the rectum terminates as a ring of muscle
- Internal and external sphincter muscles
- Opening of the large intestine
Appendix
Small extension is blind-ended, being open to the cecum but closed on its other end
