the nervous system, drugs affecting the ANS Flashcards
what is the somatic nervous system responsible for
voluntary movement
what is the autonomic nervous system
all involuntary responses
- divided into the para sympathetic and sympathetic
what receptors are associated with the parasympathetic
cholingergic muscarinic receptors
what receptors are associated with sympathetic autnomic?
adrenergic NE, alpha, beta variety
what are nicotinic cholinergic receptors
they are ligand gated channels
what induces the opening of sodium ion channels, thus depolarizing the neuron
acetylcholine
what does the depolarization of a neuron result in?
stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
true or false, most organs recieve input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic - if yes, are there any organs that only recieve input from one?
true, the only exception is the arterioles, which only get sympathetic input
what only gets sympathetic input
arterioles
true or false, one input, parasympathetic or sympathetic, will be dominant over the other
true
what is the impact of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antatagonists
impact is greatest on the predominant input from the as, increasing the biological effects of the weaker input
with the heart, what input predominates
parasympathetic, will slow the intrinsic rhythm
what do nicotonic cholinergic receptors work to inhibit
work to ihibit the smaller sympathetic input ad the predominant parasympathetic innput
what is a cardiovascular input is a result of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists
tachycardia, parasympathetic input ihibited more
how to cholinergic drugs work, what do they stimulate
they are muscariic agonists, they work to stimulate smooth muscle ad gland secretions
what works to stimulate smooth muscle and decrease HR, force of contraction
cholinergic drug
what system; § Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals release acetylcholine, the target tissues contain muscarinic cholinergic receptors
parasympathetic
whats causes the constriction of the pupil
cholinergic drugs
what are anticholingeric drugs
muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics
what is a muscarinic antagonist annd a parasympatholytic?
anticholinergic drugs
what do anticholinergic drugs work to do?
they work to exert the effects opposite to cholinergics
in the word parasympatholytic, what does -lytic mean?
lytic means opposite, meaning that the drug will exert the effect that is opposite to anticholinergics
direct acting cholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists ) bind to what and work to stimulate what
bind to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors - works to stimulate smooth muscle
what drugs bind directly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors
direct acting cholinergic receptors
how to direct acting cholinergic drugs stimulate smooth muscle contraction
via M3 receptors coupled to GQ protiens
indirect acting anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists) what do they inhibit
inhibit acetylcholinersterase, causing an increase in acetylcholine
what do indirect acting cholinergic drugs work to affect?
autonomic ganglia, muscarinic receptors, skeletal muscle, and cholinergic receptors in the CNS
what can indirect acting cholinergic receptors be used for
myasthenia gravis, alzheimers disease
why can indirect acting cholinergic drugs be useful in cases such as myasthenia gravis and alzheimers diesease
because they act to inhibit acetylcholine transferase, thus inducing the release of acetylcholine
carbamate insecticides
act directly on the nervous system of insects via reversible binding
how do insecticides work
they work to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and can induce cholinergic crisis
what are nicotinic effects of insecticides
muscle fasicuations and fatigue
muscarinic effects of insecticides
salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick puils
salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick pupils are muscarinic side effects of what?
insecticides
muscarinic antagonists inhibit what input
inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs
what inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs
muscarinic antagonists
alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
constrict smooth muscle and dilate pupils
adrenergic agonists - beta 1 receptors - what do they also stimulate the release of
increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin
increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin
adrenergic agonists - beta 1
adrenergic receptors - beta 2
inhibit smooth muscle contractions in the bronchiles and uterus
adrenergic antagonist drugs - lytic
exert an opposite effect compared to adrenergic
what has adverse effects associated with inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
adrenergic antagonist drugs
alpha-adrenergic antagonists
relax vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased bp
what drug will result in decreased bp
alpha adrenergic antagonists
beta -1 adrenergic antagonists
decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp
decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp
beta adrenergic antagonists
