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pharmacology > the nervous system, drugs affecting the ANS > Flashcards

the nervous system, drugs affecting the ANS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the somatic nervous system responsible for

A

voluntary movement

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2
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

all involuntary responses

- divided into the para sympathetic and sympathetic

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3
Q

what receptors are associated with the parasympathetic

A

cholingergic muscarinic receptors

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4
Q

what receptors are associated with sympathetic autnomic?

A

adrenergic NE, alpha, beta variety

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5
Q

what are nicotinic cholinergic receptors

A

they are ligand gated channels

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6
Q

what induces the opening of sodium ion channels, thus depolarizing the neuron

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

what does the depolarization of a neuron result in?

A

stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

true or false, most organs recieve input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic - if yes, are there any organs that only recieve input from one?

A

true, the only exception is the arterioles, which only get sympathetic input

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9
Q

what only gets sympathetic input

A

arterioles

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10
Q

true or false, one input, parasympathetic or sympathetic, will be dominant over the other

A

true

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11
Q

what is the impact of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antatagonists

A

impact is greatest on the predominant input from the as, increasing the biological effects of the weaker input

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12
Q

with the heart, what input predominates

A

parasympathetic, will slow the intrinsic rhythm

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13
Q

what do nicotonic cholinergic receptors work to inhibit

A

work to ihibit the smaller sympathetic input ad the predominant parasympathetic innput

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14
Q

what is a cardiovascular input is a result of nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists

A

tachycardia, parasympathetic input ihibited more

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15
Q

how to cholinergic drugs work, what do they stimulate

A

they are muscariic agonists, they work to stimulate smooth muscle ad gland secretions

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16
Q

what works to stimulate smooth muscle and decrease HR, force of contraction

A

cholinergic drug

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17
Q

what system; § Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals release acetylcholine, the target tissues contain muscarinic cholinergic receptors

A

parasympathetic

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18
Q

whats causes the constriction of the pupil

A

cholinergic drugs

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19
Q

what are anticholingeric drugs

A

muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics

20
Q

what is a muscarinic antagonist annd a parasympatholytic?

A

anticholinergic drugs

21
Q

what do anticholinergic drugs work to do?

A

they work to exert the effects opposite to cholinergics

22
Q

in the word parasympatholytic, what does -lytic mean?

A

lytic means opposite, meaning that the drug will exert the effect that is opposite to anticholinergics

23
Q

direct acting cholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists ) bind to what and work to stimulate what

A

bind to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors - works to stimulate smooth muscle

24
Q

what drugs bind directly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors

A

direct acting cholinergic receptors

25
Q

how to direct acting cholinergic drugs stimulate smooth muscle contraction

A

via M3 receptors coupled to GQ protiens

26
Q

indirect acting anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic agonists) what do they inhibit

A

inhibit acetylcholinersterase, causing an increase in acetylcholine

27
Q

what do indirect acting cholinergic drugs work to affect?

A

autonomic ganglia, muscarinic receptors, skeletal muscle, and cholinergic receptors in the CNS

28
Q

what can indirect acting cholinergic receptors be used for

A

myasthenia gravis, alzheimers disease

29
Q

why can indirect acting cholinergic drugs be useful in cases such as myasthenia gravis and alzheimers diesease

A

because they act to inhibit acetylcholine transferase, thus inducing the release of acetylcholine

30
Q

carbamate insecticides

A

act directly on the nervous system of insects via reversible binding

31
Q

how do insecticides work

A

they work to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and can induce cholinergic crisis

32
Q

what are nicotinic effects of insecticides

A

muscle fasicuations and fatigue

33
Q

muscarinic effects of insecticides

A

salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick puils

34
Q

salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, bradycardia, sweating, pin prick pupils are muscarinic side effects of what?

A

insecticides

35
Q

muscarinic antagonists inhibit what input

A

inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs

36
Q

what inhibit parasympathetic input to target organs

A

muscarinic antagonists

37
Q

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

A

constrict smooth muscle and dilate pupils

38
Q

adrenergic agonists - beta 1 receptors - what do they also stimulate the release of

A

increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin

39
Q

increase heart rate and force of contraction, increasing the release of renin

A

adrenergic agonists - beta 1

40
Q

adrenergic receptors - beta 2

A

inhibit smooth muscle contractions in the bronchiles and uterus

41
Q

adrenergic antagonist drugs - lytic

A

exert an opposite effect compared to adrenergic

42
Q

what has adverse effects associated with inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenergic antagonist drugs

43
Q

alpha-adrenergic antagonists

A

relax vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased bp

44
Q

what drug will result in decreased bp

A

alpha adrenergic antagonists

45
Q

beta -1 adrenergic antagonists

A

decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp

46
Q

decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and reduce the production of renin , results in decreased bp

A

beta adrenergic antagonists

pharmacology (26 decks)

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