drugs for schizophrenia and degenerative diseases of the CNS Flashcards
what is both an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter
dopamine
what is the precursor of NE
dopamine
mesolimbic tract
VTA back of brain to limbic system
back of brain to limbic system
this is the mesolimbic tract
mesocortical tract
back of the brain to the prefrontal cortex
back of the brain to the prefrontal cortex
mesocrotical tract
what tract causes negative symptoms like schizophrenia
the mesocortical tract
the mesocortical tract is linked to what neurological disorder
schizophrenia
d1 like dopamine receptors are associated with what
protien associated
d1, d5-gs are what
protien associated dopamine receptors
d2 receptors
d2, d3, d4, gi
what are d1 and d2 like dopamine receptors involved in
involved in motor control, reward and motivation
what is increased dopamergic activity associated with?
psychosis
psychosis is associated with what
increased dopaminergic activity
what is a decrease in dopaminergic activity associated with
parkinsons, neurodegenerative diseases
what are neurodegenerative diseases like parkinsons associted with?
decrease in dopaminergic activity
positive symptoms of schizophrenia (4)
delusions
disorganize behaviour
agitiation
disorganized speech and thinking
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
anhedonia, lack of motivation, blunted affect
what drugs can induce psychotic symptoms
dopamine agonists because an increase in dopaminergic activity is associated with psychosis
dopamine antagonists have what kind of activity
anti-psychotic activity
neuroleptic drugs are what king of drugs, what kind of dopamine antagonists
antipsychotic drugs, all dopamine d2 antagonists
typical and atypical neuroleptics
work to bind to the dopamine receptor, causing and reducing positive symtpoms, antienemic as well
work to bind to the dopamine receptor, causing and reducing positive symptoms, antienemic as well
typical and atypical
atypical neuroleptics bidn to what and reduce what symptoms of schizophrenia
bind to the 5ht receptor, reducing negative symptoms
what bind to the 5ht receptor reducing negative symptoms
atypical neuroleptics
what is considered the first line therapy for schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotic drugs
what causes a blockade of d2-like receptors reducing hallucinations and delusions (positive symptoms)
atypical antipsychotics
what causes a blockade of serotoninergic 5ht2a and a2 adrenergic receptors and stimulation of 5ht1a receptors relieving negative symptoms
atypical antipsychotics
what are some adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics
fewer eps symptoms
adverse effects of typical antipsychotics
extrapyramidal effects - acute dystonica, pseudo-parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia
extrapyramidal effects - acute dystonica, pseudo-parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia are adverse effects of what
typical antipsychotic drugs
what should clients avoid when taking typical or atypical antipsychotics
CNS depressants such as alcohol, antihistamines, sedative hypnotics, or opiod analgesics
CNS depressants such as alcohol, antihistamines, sedative hypnotics, or opiod analgesics - should all be avoided when
when someone is prescribed atypical or typical antipsychotics
parkinsons disease
neurodegenerative disorder affecting individuals >50
what is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatial pathway
parkinsons
what can improve symptoms of parkinsons
dopamine agonists, and acetylcholine antagonists
dopamine agonists and acetylcholine antagonists can improve symptoms of what
parkinsons
dopaminergic drugs
dopamine agonists
how do muscarinic cholinergic antagonists help parkinsons symptoms
they bind to acetylcholine - which regulates movement, to stop symptoms such as tremors
what do dopamine agonists bind to
MAOIs and COMT inhibitors
what do anticholinergic drugs bind to
muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the CNS
what is the most effective treatment for parkinsons
dopamine agonists
dementia
neurodegenerative disorder - progressive memory loss, confusion, inability to think or communicate effectively
neurodegenerative disorder - progressive memory loss, confusion, inability to think or communicate effectively
dementia
alzheimers
progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting individuals >65
impaired memory, confusion, inability to recognize family and friends, aggressive behaviour, depression, psychosis, anziety
symptoms of alzhimers
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
improve daily activities, behaviour and cognition since they work to increase the acetylcholine which plays a big role in alzheimers
