development of the dosage regimen

Question 1

onset of a drug affects the what?

Answer 1

the rate of drug absorption and distributing

Question 2

what does the intensity of the drug action affect

Answer 2

the amount of drug that is absorped and distributed

Question 3

the duration of a drug action affects what

Answer 3

rate of drug metabolism and elimination

Question 4

what two things affect the rate of drug metabolism and elimination

Answer 4

duration of drug action and drug dosing interval

Question 5

what is the bioavailability of a drug

Answer 5

this is the fraction of the administered drug that reaches the plasma in a chemically unchanged and biologically active form

Question 6

what is the fraction of the administered drug that reaches the plasma in a chemically unchanged and biologically active form

Answer 6

the bioavailablilty of a drug

Question 7

why does the first pass hepatic metabolism have an influence on the bioavailability of a drug

Answer 7

because when taken orally, the drug passes through the liver where part of it is metabolized thus making parts of the drug not available

Question 8

why does plasma protien of albumin, glycoprotiens affect the bioavailability

Answer 8

because they bind to a drug making it not able to pass the biological membrane, affecting absorption of the drug

Question 9

what administered drugs rarely demonstrate 100% bioavailability

Answer 9

oral

Question 10

what is distribution

Answer 10

process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and enters body tissues

Question 11

what is distribution affected by?

Answer 11

impacted by blood flow, solubility of a drug, organ size

Question 12

why might blood flow impact bioavalibility

Answer 12

because if there is lack of blood flow, the drug cannot be distributed as quickly around the body

Question 13

what is the apparent volume of distribution

Answer 13

this is the ratio of the amount of drug in the body to the drug concentration in the plasma

Question 14

VD = AMOUNT OF DRUG IN BODY / PLASMA DRUG CONCENTRATION

Answer 14

this is the apparent volume of distribution

Question 15

why should we care about the apparent volume of concentration of a drug

Answer 15

so we know how much drug is required to achieve a specified concentration of the drug in the plasma

Question 16

what is the therapeutic concentration of a drug

Answer 16

for a drug to exert a certain effect, the concentration of the drug in the plasma must fall within the therapeutic concentration range of that drug

Question 17

if the plasma concentration of the drug is out of its therapeutic range, what effect would this exert

Answer 17

cause adverse effects such as toxicity

Question 18

if the plasma concentration fo a drug is below the therapeutic range what kind of effect would it exert

Answer 18

it would produce little - no effect

Question 19

what is the loading dose

Answer 19

used to quickly achieve a high therapeutic plasma concentration of drug

Question 20

what does [d]o mean

Answer 20

this is the top of the therapeutic range of a drug

Question 21

what is Wd

Answer 21

this is the weight of drug administered to the pt

Question 22

what is vD

Answer 22

this is the apparent volume of distribution

Question 23

what is the t1/2 life of a drug

Answer 23

refers to the time required for the serum concentration to decrease by 50%

Question 24

according to the plateau principle, when is drug equilibrium reached

Answer 24

after 4 half lives of the drug are passed

Question 25

what happens when drug equilibrium is reached after 4 half lives

Answer 25

this is what goes into systemic circulation is balance by what is eliminated

Question 26

how long does it take for the concentration of the drug in plasma to be stable after you start, stop, or change the dosage regimen

Answer 26

4 half lives

Question 27

what is the maintenance dose

Answer 27

this is the amount of drug needed to maintain the plasma concentrations of the drug within the therapeutic range

Question 28

what dose should always be smaller than the loading dose

Answer 28

maintenance dose

Question 29

what is Wd

Answer 29

weight of drug administered to the pt

Question 30

[D] pl

Answer 30

this is the middle of the therapeutic range of the drug

Question 31

what is T

Answer 31

the dose interval

Question 32

what is Clr

Answer 32

this is the clearance of the drug

Question 33

what is clearance

Answer 33

this is the volume of the plasma completely cleared of the drug per unit of time

Question 34

K= 0.693/t1/2

Answer 34

elimination rate constant

Question 35

dosing interval

Answer 35

this is the amount of time needed between doses

Question 36

what is [D]

Answer 36

this is the bottom of the therapeutic range or concentration of drug after a given period of time

Question 37

what is [Do}

Answer 37

this is the top of the therapeutic range or concentration of drug in plasma at the start of treatment