drugs for female reproductive system Flashcards
what are water soluble binding hormones
they bind to cell surface receptors leading in the manufacturing of second messangers
what g proteins do water soluble endocrine hormones active
NE, E, oxytocin
what water soluble hormones bind to extracellular receptors
insulin and GH
what are lipid soluble endocrine hormones
estorgen, testosotrone, progesterone, thyroid hormone, cortisol, aldosterone
what do lipid soluble endocrine hormones act as?
transcription factor
what hormones move through the blood stream bound to a transport protien
lipid soluble hormones
where is gonadotropin produced
hypothalamus
what hormones are produced in the anterior pit
luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
what steroids increase sex drive, libido, and secondary sexual charactertistics
sex steroids such as prigesterone, estrogens, and androgens
hormonal changes during ovarian and uterine cycles; what does the hypothalamus release and what us produced
secrrets GnRH and LH and FSH from ant pit
what does the production of LH and FSH do?
stimulate follicle maturation
if there is no follicle maturation, what happens
there is no ovulation
what does increased estrogen and progesterone production promote?
promote endometrial vascularization and thickening
the release of what stimulates ovulation
high levels of estrogens
what does the release of high levels of estrogen stimulate
surge in LH, FSH
what happens when there is no fertilization
GnRH, LH, FSH levels fall, estrogen and progesterone secretion is inhibited and menstruation begins
what is the most potent estrogen and is the major ovarian estrogen
estradiol
estradiol
arises form the action of aromatoase on testostorone
what is the predominant form of estrogen in menopause
estrone
what estrogen is primary circulating in fatty tissues during menopause
estrone
when estrogen is stored in fatty tissues what is it stored as?
estrone
what is the primary circulating form of estrogen during pregnancy
estriol
what is the role of estrogens
- growth and maturation of female reproductive organs, endometrium proliferation and thickening of the vaginal mucosa
- female pattern fat depsition
- increased bone deposition
- increased vascularity of the skin
- decreased LDL and increased HDL
- increased coagulation
- production of thin, clear, watery, and elastic cervical mucus
role of progestins
these work to thicken mucous, preventing sperm entry
what can help the body protect itself from getting pregnant while pregnant
progestins
what is the most active endogenous progestin
progesterone
what is a combination oral contraceptive
combination of synthetic forms of estrogen and progestin
how do combination contraceptives inhibit ovulation
synthetic hormones exploit negative feedback loop, preventing follicle maturation and ovulation
low dose of synthetic estrogens and progestins can inhibit what levels
FSH and LH
synthetic progestins do what to the endometrieum
make it think and inactive
what produces a thick cervical mucus to inhibit sperm migration
synthetic proogestins
benefits of combination contraceptives
reduced PMS symptoms, reduction in the risk of certain cancers, decreased risk of ovarian cysts and endometriousis, improvements in bone mineral density
what might happen if someone is given too much progestin
increased appetite, weight gain, fatigue, depression, acne
what might happen if the levels of progestin are too low
menstrual irregularities
what do estorgens increase the risk of
thromboembolic disorders
when should you be cautious of prescribing combination contraceptives?
liver issues, migraines with aura, smoking, impaired cardiac function, history of stroke, MI, CAD, thromboembolic disorders
what is the function of progestin only contraceptives with the endometrium and mucous
creates a thick and viscous mucus, endometrium is kept in atrophic state
forms of progestin only contraceptives
minipill, subdermal implants, depo
what are some adverse affects of progestin only contraceptives
greater risk of menstrual irregularities, breakthrough, increased risk of ovarian cysts and breast cancers, increased appetite and fatigue, weight gain
greater risk of menstrual irregularities, breakthrough, increased risk of ovarian cysts and breast cancers, increased appetite and fatigue, weight gain are all adverse affects of what
progestin only
emergency contraception - plan B
used to prevent unplanned pregnancy related to unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure
side affects of plan b
nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal pain
what should be administered after taking plan b, due to potential side effects?
antiemetic drug - gravol
abortifacients
used to terminate an unwanted pregnancy up to a gestational age of 63 days
what is mifepristone
this is a progesterone modulator, blocks the effects of progesterone on the endometrium and myometrium
what is misoprostol
prostagladin, induces contractions of the uterine myometrium and cervical dialation
what prostagladin, induces contractions of the uterine myometrium and cervical dialation
misoprostol
what are side effects of abortificaients
pain, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, emesis, fever, chills, dizziness, weakness
what is hormone replacement therapy used to treat?
primary ovarian failure and symptoms of menopause
bad menopause symptoms include;
insomnia, hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, mood disturbances, irritability, osteoporosis
duavivie - what is it
hormone replacement therapy
what is duavive made up of?
estrogen and bazedoxifene
what do bazedoxifenes do?
they antagonize the effect of estrogen on the uterus, reducing the risk of uterine cancer, agonist activity on the bone
what demonstrates agonist activity on the bone?
bazedoxifene
