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pharmacology > drugs for pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal disorders > Flashcards

drugs for pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary disorders arise due to what?

A

tumours, surgery, radiation therapy, infection, injury, infraction, hemorrhage

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2
Q

what is the proper name for growth hormone

A

somatotropin

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3
Q

function of growth hormone aka somatotropin

A

anterior pituitary hormone stimulating growth and metabolism

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4
Q

where is antidiuretic hormone stored and released from

A

posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

what does ADH act on

A

acts on the kidneys to increase water absorption

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6
Q

what endogenous ligand/hormone acts just like growth hormone

A

somatotropin

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7
Q

what does a deficiency in growth hormone result in?

A

short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density

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8
Q

short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density are effects of what

A

growth hormone deficiency

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9
Q

what agonist drug can induce up to 15 cm of growth in GH deficient children

A

somatotropin

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10
Q

how does somatotropin work

A

increases protein synthesis and lean muscle mass, bone density, lipid mobilization from fat stores, improved lipid profile

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11
Q

what are growth hormone antagonists

A

they inhibit the production of growth hormone

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12
Q

what is the hyper-secretion of GH associated with

A

benign pituitary tumors

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13
Q

what effect do benign pituitary tumors have on the secretion of GH

A

cause the oversecretion of GH

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14
Q

what are some growth hormone antagonists

A

octerotide and pegvisomant

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15
Q

what is actomegaly

A

hormonal disorder from the oversecretion of GH

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16
Q

what are symptoms of acromegaly

A

headache, visual disturbances, enlarged heart, hands, feet etc. excessive sweating

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17
Q

function of octreotide (GH antagonist)

A

it is a growth hormone inhibiting hormone produced by the hypothalamus

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18
Q

what growth hormone antagonist is revervisble competitive

A

pegvisomant

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19
Q

how do competitive growth hormone inhibitors work

A

it is competitive, it binds to the receptor of growth hormone, inhibiting

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20
Q

what is an agonist drug of ADH (vasopressin)

A

desmopressin

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21
Q

what does desmopressin do?

A

conserves water

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22
Q

when should you give someone desmopressin

A

if they are deficient

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23
Q

what should be monitored when administering desmopressin

A

blood pressure, body weight, fluid intake and urine output

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24
Q

how do you know if yu are giving someone too much desmopressin

A

if they gain weight, , output is alot, too much water is being retained

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25
Q

what cells produce T4 and T3

A

follicular cells within the thyroid

26
Q

what cells in the thyroid produce calcitonin

A

parafollicular cells

27
Q

what produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

hypothalamus

28
Q

what does the release of thyroid releasing hormone stimulate

A

the anterior pituitary to produce throid stimulating hormone

29
Q

what does thyroid stimulating hormone do?

A

induces the thyroid to produce and secrete t3 and t4

30
Q

what is the feedback mechanism of the thyroid gland?

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone in hypothalamus –> TSH producing in the ant pit –> TH in thyroid gland

31
Q

what feedback mechanism is important in metabolic rate, protien synthesis, and fat breakdown

A

thyroid gland

32
Q

what are thyroid storm effects rt?

A

high TH, usually related to bad prescribing practices

33
Q

what is myxedema coma related to?

A

when you are not making enough or any thyroid hormone

34
Q

hypo effects are related to what

A

myxedema coma

35
Q

hyper effects are related to what

A

thyroid storm

36
Q

what is hypothyroidism

A

this is a deficiency in thyroid hormone

37
Q

what is primary hypothyroidism

A

this is when the gland itself is not functioning

38
Q

what is secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism

A

when there is low TSH from ant pit or thyrotoxin from hypothalamus

39
Q

what autoimmune disease is associated a non-functioning thyroid gland

A

hashimotos thyroiditis

40
Q

what is associated with low serum t4, elevated tsh, increased antithtyroid antibody?

A

hypothyroidism

41
Q

what drug induces hypothyroidism

A

lithium

42
Q

what is maternal hypothyroidism associated with in children

A

associated with low IQ in children

43
Q

how do we treat hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

44
Q

what is levothyroxine

A

it is a synthetic form of t4

45
Q

what drug might induce hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

46
Q

what is an autoimmune diseases associated with hyperthyroidism

A

graves disease

47
Q

what is graves diesease

A

this is an autoimmune disorder in which the body develops antibodies that activate the TSH receptor

48
Q

what do you expect to see clinically in an individual with graves disease

A

TSH levels will be low

49
Q

what is secondary hyperthyroidism

A

pituitary is damaged and hyper-secreting TSH so the thyroid hyper-secretes T4

50
Q

what is the role of thioamides

A

they inhibit the synthesis of t3 and t4, disrupt the conversion of t4 to t3 in tissues

51
Q

what can propylthiouracil, methimazole and sodium iodide -131 be used to treat

A

hyperthyroidism

52
Q

how does sodium iodide - 131 work

A

permanently destroys follicular cells in overactive thyroid gland

53
Q

what do the adrenal glands produce

A

gluccorticoids

54
Q

what is cortisol

A

it is a glucocorticoid released by the adrenal glands

55
Q

what is aldersterone

A

it is a glucocorticoid that regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney

56
Q

what regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney

A

aldersterone

57
Q

what is primary adrenal sufficiency

A

addisons disease, results from autoimmune destruction of both adrenal glands

58
Q

what is secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

it is the inadequate secretion of ACTH or can be from chronic, long term glucocorticoid therpay

59
Q

symptoms of adrenal insufficiency

A

hypoglycaemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypotension, anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration

60
Q

glucocorticoids possess what action

A

potent anti-inflammatory and immunosupporessive actions

61
Q

what is cushings syndrome

A

hyper-secreting of cortisol, or too much glucocorticoid medications

pharmacology (26 decks)

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