drugs for pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal disorders Flashcards
pituitary disorders arise due to what?
tumours, surgery, radiation therapy, infection, injury, infraction, hemorrhage
what is the proper name for growth hormone
somatotropin
function of growth hormone aka somatotropin
anterior pituitary hormone stimulating growth and metabolism
where is antidiuretic hormone stored and released from
posterior pituitary gland
what does ADH act on
acts on the kidneys to increase water absorption
what endogenous ligand/hormone acts just like growth hormone
somatotropin
what does a deficiency in growth hormone result in?
short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density
short stature, dyslipidemia, decreased muscle mass, central adiposity, decreased bone density are effects of what
growth hormone deficiency
what agonist drug can induce up to 15 cm of growth in GH deficient children
somatotropin
how does somatotropin work
increases protein synthesis and lean muscle mass, bone density, lipid mobilization from fat stores, improved lipid profile
what are growth hormone antagonists
they inhibit the production of growth hormone
what is the hyper-secretion of GH associated with
benign pituitary tumors
what effect do benign pituitary tumors have on the secretion of GH
cause the oversecretion of GH
what are some growth hormone antagonists
octerotide and pegvisomant
what is actomegaly
hormonal disorder from the oversecretion of GH
what are symptoms of acromegaly
headache, visual disturbances, enlarged heart, hands, feet etc. excessive sweating
function of octreotide (GH antagonist)
it is a growth hormone inhibiting hormone produced by the hypothalamus
what growth hormone antagonist is revervisble competitive
pegvisomant
how do competitive growth hormone inhibitors work
it is competitive, it binds to the receptor of growth hormone, inhibiting
what is an agonist drug of ADH (vasopressin)
desmopressin
what does desmopressin do?
conserves water
when should you give someone desmopressin
if they are deficient
what should be monitored when administering desmopressin
blood pressure, body weight, fluid intake and urine output
how do you know if yu are giving someone too much desmopressin
if they gain weight, , output is alot, too much water is being retained
what cells produce T4 and T3
follicular cells within the thyroid
what cells in the thyroid produce calcitonin
parafollicular cells
what produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
what does the release of thyroid releasing hormone stimulate
the anterior pituitary to produce throid stimulating hormone
what does thyroid stimulating hormone do?
induces the thyroid to produce and secrete t3 and t4
what is the feedback mechanism of the thyroid gland?
thyrotropin releasing hormone in hypothalamus –> TSH producing in the ant pit –> TH in thyroid gland
what feedback mechanism is important in metabolic rate, protien synthesis, and fat breakdown
thyroid gland
what are thyroid storm effects rt?
high TH, usually related to bad prescribing practices
what is myxedema coma related to?
when you are not making enough or any thyroid hormone
hypo effects are related to what
myxedema coma
hyper effects are related to what
thyroid storm
what is hypothyroidism
this is a deficiency in thyroid hormone
what is primary hypothyroidism
this is when the gland itself is not functioning
what is secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism
when there is low TSH from ant pit or thyrotoxin from hypothalamus
what autoimmune disease is associated a non-functioning thyroid gland
hashimotos thyroiditis
what is associated with low serum t4, elevated tsh, increased antithtyroid antibody?
hypothyroidism
what drug induces hypothyroidism
lithium
what is maternal hypothyroidism associated with in children
associated with low IQ in children
how do we treat hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
what is levothyroxine
it is a synthetic form of t4
what drug might induce hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
what is an autoimmune diseases associated with hyperthyroidism
graves disease
what is graves diesease
this is an autoimmune disorder in which the body develops antibodies that activate the TSH receptor
what do you expect to see clinically in an individual with graves disease
TSH levels will be low
what is secondary hyperthyroidism
pituitary is damaged and hyper-secreting TSH so the thyroid hyper-secretes T4
what is the role of thioamides
they inhibit the synthesis of t3 and t4, disrupt the conversion of t4 to t3 in tissues
what can propylthiouracil, methimazole and sodium iodide -131 be used to treat
hyperthyroidism
how does sodium iodide - 131 work
permanently destroys follicular cells in overactive thyroid gland
what do the adrenal glands produce
gluccorticoids
what is cortisol
it is a glucocorticoid released by the adrenal glands
what is aldersterone
it is a glucocorticoid that regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney
what regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidney
aldersterone
what is primary adrenal sufficiency
addisons disease, results from autoimmune destruction of both adrenal glands
what is secondary adrenal insufficiency
it is the inadequate secretion of ACTH or can be from chronic, long term glucocorticoid therpay
symptoms of adrenal insufficiency
hypoglycaemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypotension, anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration
glucocorticoids possess what action
potent anti-inflammatory and immunosupporessive actions
what is cushings syndrome
hyper-secreting of cortisol, or too much glucocorticoid medications
