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drugs for hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is associated with the risk of hypertenion

A

obesity, and diabetes

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2
Q

is there a known cause for primary essentail hypertension

A

no none cause

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3
Q

what is associated with primary hypertension

A

genetic predispostition, dietary salts, adrenergic tone

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4
Q

causes of secondary hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma, adrenal cortical tumors, drugs

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5
Q

pheochromocytoma, adrenal cortical tumors, drugs

A

secondary hypertension

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6
Q

what makes secondary hypersion worse

A

sympathetic input

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7
Q

what is high blood pressure a significant risk factor for

A

cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease. congestive heart failure, cardiac death, renal failure, PVD. dementia

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8
Q

cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease. congestive heart failure, cardiac death, renal failure, PVD. dementia are risk factors of wha

A

high blood pressure

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9
Q

whats the effcet of the heart consistantly working harder to expell blood against a greater force

A

the thickening of the left ventricle

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10
Q

what does increased force affect

A

they damage the arteries making someone more susceptible to atherosclerosis

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11
Q

what happens wen tiny blood vessels are damaged

A

leads to losses in vision, kidney function, and cerebral function

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12
Q

what leads to losses in vision, kidney function, and cerebral function

A

damaged tiny vessels

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13
Q

what are some factors that control blood pressure

A

blood volume, peripheral resistance, diameterof arteriole, HR, CO

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14
Q

what is considered high bp to be at for normal people

A

135/85

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15
Q

what is considered to be hypertension to be at for ppl with diabetes

A

130/80

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16
Q

if blood pressure remains equal to, or above 140/80mmhg wuht lifestyle modifactions what is recommended

A

pharmacotherapy

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17
Q

should you give diabetes pt medication for hypertension

A

yes

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18
Q

what is idenified as a high risk pt - bp

A

if their blood pressure is equal to or above 130/80 mmhg

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19
Q

what is a low risk patient

A

if there are no organ damage and CV risk factors

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20
Q

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

reduce the storke volume by blocking the sodium chloride trsnsporter in the distal tubule faicltaing the urinary excretion of electrolytes, thereby reducing blood volume

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21
Q

reduce the stroke volume by blocking the sodium chloride transporter in the distal tubule facilitating the urinary excretion of electrolytes, thereby reducing blood volume

A

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

22
Q

what is the first line therpay for hypertension

A

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

23
Q

when should thiazide and thiazide like diuretics be contraindicted?

A

pregannacy

24
Q

why must you administer thiazide and thiazide like diuretics during the day

A

to prevent nocturia

25
adverse effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
gi upset, orthostatic hypertension, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance
26
gi upset, orthostatic hypertension, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance are adverse effects of wha
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
27
what drug drug interactions should you look out for with patients taking thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
lithium, NSAIDS, antidiabetic drugs
28
lithium, NSAIDS and antidiabetic drugs should be stopped when taking what
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
29
what should you monitor when a patient is taking thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
fluid output, weight gain/loss, dizzness and lightheaded ness
30
fluid output, weight gain/loss, dizzness and lightheaded ness are symptoms of too much of what
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
31
renin-angiotesin-aldosterone system
reduced total peripheral resistance
32
what is released in response to decreased blood pressure
renin
33
renin
released in response to decreased bp
34
how does angiotesin ii work - what is its effect in blood pressure, how does it do this, and what does it stimulate the secretion of
elevates blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance, and stimulating the secretion of aldosterone and ADH
35
elevates blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance, and stimulating the secretion of aldosterone and ADH
angiotesin II
36
what does pharmacological inhibition of RAAS do
it decreases the tpr, and blood volume, reducing BP
37
ACE inhibitors
block the conversion of angiotesin I to angiotesin II --> decreasing tpr and BV
38
what decreases TPR and BV through inhibition of the conversion of angiotesin i to ii
ace inhibitors
39
when are ace inhibitors contraindicated
pregnancy
40
what inhibits aldosterone secretion
ace inhibitors
41
what is the first dose phenomena associated with ACE inhibitors
sudden drop in blood pressire and tachycardia
42
when are angiotesin II receptor blockers used?
they are used when people develop the adverse effect of a cough
43
how to angiotesin II receptor blockers work
they block angiotesin II receptors in arteriolar smooth muscle and in adrenal cortex - inhibtiing the release of aldosterone
44
calcium channel blockers
block the calcium ion channels, relaxing smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance
45
block the calcium ion channels, relaxing smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance
calcium channel blockers
46
when should you use calcium channel blockers with caution
in those with liver and kidney impairment
47
adverse effects of calcium channel blockers
dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, flushing, nausea
48
alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists - blokc the action of what on the arterioles, what do they reduce, and what do they decrease
block adrenergic effect on arterioles, block action of NE and E on cardiac muscle reducing speed and force of contraction, decreasing renin secretion by kidneys
49
what block adrenergic effect on arterioles, block action of NE and E on cardiac muscle reducing speed and force of contraction, decreasing renin secretion by kidneys
alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists
50
beta adrenergic antagonists should be contriadicted in people with
diabetes, depression, asthma, or COPD
51
when are beta blockers most effective in what patients
in patients under the age of 60

pharmacology (26 decks)

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