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pharmacology > drugs for hypertension > Flashcards

drugs for hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is associated with the risk of hypertenion

A

obesity, and diabetes

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2
Q

is there a known cause for primary essentail hypertension

A

no none cause

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3
Q

what is associated with primary hypertension

A

genetic predispostition, dietary salts, adrenergic tone

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4
Q

causes of secondary hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma, adrenal cortical tumors, drugs

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5
Q

pheochromocytoma, adrenal cortical tumors, drugs

A

secondary hypertension

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6
Q

what makes secondary hypersion worse

A

sympathetic input

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7
Q

what is high blood pressure a significant risk factor for

A

cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease. congestive heart failure, cardiac death, renal failure, PVD. dementia

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8
Q

cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease. congestive heart failure, cardiac death, renal failure, PVD. dementia are risk factors of wha

A

high blood pressure

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9
Q

whats the effcet of the heart consistantly working harder to expell blood against a greater force

A

the thickening of the left ventricle

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10
Q

what does increased force affect

A

they damage the arteries making someone more susceptible to atherosclerosis

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11
Q

what happens wen tiny blood vessels are damaged

A

leads to losses in vision, kidney function, and cerebral function

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12
Q

what leads to losses in vision, kidney function, and cerebral function

A

damaged tiny vessels

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13
Q

what are some factors that control blood pressure

A

blood volume, peripheral resistance, diameterof arteriole, HR, CO

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14
Q

what is considered high bp to be at for normal people

A

135/85

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15
Q

what is considered to be hypertension to be at for ppl with diabetes

A

130/80

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16
Q

if blood pressure remains equal to, or above 140/80mmhg wuht lifestyle modifactions what is recommended

A

pharmacotherapy

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17
Q

should you give diabetes pt medication for hypertension

A

yes

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18
Q

what is idenified as a high risk pt - bp

A

if their blood pressure is equal to or above 130/80 mmhg

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19
Q

what is a low risk patient

A

if there are no organ damage and CV risk factors

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20
Q

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

reduce the storke volume by blocking the sodium chloride trsnsporter in the distal tubule faicltaing the urinary excretion of electrolytes, thereby reducing blood volume

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21
Q

reduce the stroke volume by blocking the sodium chloride transporter in the distal tubule facilitating the urinary excretion of electrolytes, thereby reducing blood volume

A

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

22
Q

what is the first line therpay for hypertension

A

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

23
Q

when should thiazide and thiazide like diuretics be contraindicted?

A

pregannacy

24
Q

why must you administer thiazide and thiazide like diuretics during the day

A

to prevent nocturia

25
Q

adverse effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

gi upset, orthostatic hypertension, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance

26
Q

gi upset, orthostatic hypertension, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance are adverse effects of wha

A

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

27
Q

what drug drug interactions should you look out for with patients taking thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

lithium, NSAIDS, antidiabetic drugs

28
Q

lithium, NSAIDS and antidiabetic drugs should be stopped when taking what

A

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

29
Q

what should you monitor when a patient is taking thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

A

fluid output, weight gain/loss, dizzness and lightheaded ness

30
Q

fluid output, weight gain/loss, dizzness and lightheaded ness are symptoms of too much of what

A

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

31
Q

renin-angiotesin-aldosterone system

A

reduced total peripheral resistance

32
Q

what is released in response to decreased blood pressure

A

renin

33
Q

renin

A

released in response to decreased bp

34
Q

how does angiotesin ii work - what is its effect in blood pressure, how does it do this, and what does it stimulate the secretion of

A

elevates blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance, and stimulating the secretion of aldosterone and ADH

35
Q

elevates blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance, and stimulating the secretion of aldosterone and ADH

A

angiotesin II

36
Q

what does pharmacological inhibition of RAAS do

A

it decreases the tpr, and blood volume, reducing BP

37
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

block the conversion of angiotesin I to angiotesin II –> decreasing tpr and BV

38
Q

what decreases TPR and BV through inhibition of the conversion of angiotesin i to ii

A

ace inhibitors

39
Q

when are ace inhibitors contraindicated

A

pregnancy

40
Q

what inhibits aldosterone secretion

A

ace inhibitors

41
Q

what is the first dose phenomena associated with ACE inhibitors

A

sudden drop in blood pressire and tachycardia

42
Q

when are angiotesin II receptor blockers used?

A

they are used when people develop the adverse effect of a cough

43
Q

how to angiotesin II receptor blockers work

A

they block angiotesin II receptors in arteriolar smooth muscle and in adrenal cortex - inhibtiing the release of aldosterone

44
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

block the calcium ion channels, relaxing smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance

45
Q

block the calcium ion channels, relaxing smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance

A

calcium channel blockers

46
Q

when should you use calcium channel blockers with caution

A

in those with liver and kidney impairment

47
Q

adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

A

dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, flushing, nausea

48
Q

alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists - blokc the action of what on the arterioles, what do they reduce, and what do they decrease

A

block adrenergic effect on arterioles, block action of NE and E on cardiac muscle reducing speed and force of contraction, decreasing renin secretion by kidneys

49
Q

what block adrenergic effect on arterioles, block action of NE and E on cardiac muscle reducing speed and force of contraction, decreasing renin secretion by kidneys

A

alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists

50
Q

beta adrenergic antagonists should be contriadicted in people with

A

diabetes, depression, asthma, or COPD

51
Q

when are beta blockers most effective in what patients

A

in patients under the age of 60

pharmacology (26 decks)

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