drug administration and absorption

Question 1

what are the four main processes of pharmakokinetics

Answer 1

absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination/excretion

Question 2

what are some routes of drug administration

Answer 2

topical, parenternal, enteral

Question 3

what are some routes of topical administration

Answer 3

skin, inhalers, eye or ear drops

Question 4

what are some routes of enteral

Answer 4

oral and rectal

Question 5

what are parenteral routes of adminstration

Answer 5

IV, sub cut, IM, transdermal, intrathecal, sublingual

Question 6

what is the one organ system we can access topically

Answer 6

the lungs through inhalers

Question 7

what is the most complex process in adminstration

Answer 7

oral

Question 8

drugs that are administered first hit what first

Answer 8

the liver first

Question 9

why thorugh the oral route, is part of the drug lost

Answer 9

a part of the drug is lost and it is metabolized by the liver

Question 10

what is the route of enteral adminsitration

Answer 10

mouth, liver, metabolism, systemic circulation

Question 11

what is drug absorption scientifically

Answer 11

the movement of a drug from its site of administration across body membranes, and into circulating fluids

Question 12

most rapid form of administration

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

how does route of administration affect the drug absorption

Answer 13

some routes of administration are faster than others when it comes to absorption.

Question 14

how do drug properties and formulation affect absorption

Answer 14

liquid absorbed faster than drugs in their liquid form

Question 15

how does drug dosage affect absorption

Answer 15

wiht an increased loading lose, the drug concentration gradient will increase, causing more drug

Question 16

how can we manipulate how a drug is being absorped

Answer 16

we can give alot of drug (loading dose) at first to increase the concentration gradient of the drug

Question 17

blood flow how does it affect absorption

Answer 17

administering the drug at a site that has good blood ciruclation so it is able to get in faster

Question 18

how can intestinal p-glycorprotiens affect drug administration

Answer 18

it will throw the drug to be eliminated

Question 19

in order for a drug to enter circulation what must a drug pass through

Answer 19

lipid rich plasma membrane

Question 20

in order for an orally administered drug to be dissolved, what properties must it have?

Answer 20

it must be both water soluble and fat soluble

Question 21

why must an orally administered drug be both water and fat soluble

Answer 21

because in order to enter circulation, a drug must first pass through the stomach intestinal fluids that are mainly composed of water (water soluble) afterwards, the drug must be able to pass through lipid rich plasma membranes (fat soluble)

Question 22

for highly fat soluble drugs, what might you advise your client to do?

Answer 22

to take the medication with a big meal, the fats in the meal compensate for the aqueous environment around it

Question 23

if a drug is highly water soluble, how can you administer it?

Answer 23

through IV, it skips the process of absorption

Question 24

if a drug is mainly polar, or fat soluble, why must it undergo absorption instead of being put through an IV

Answer 24

only water soluble can be put through an IV, fat soluble needs to be absorped

Question 25

a drug can not be absorbed untill it is free from what?

Answer 25

its excipient

Question 26

what is an excipient

Answer 26

these are particles that either add bulk to the tablet, enhance the rate of absorption, or slow the rate of dissolution

Question 27

if a drug lets go of the excipient quickly, what does this mean

Answer 27

that it is rapid release, durg does not last for as long

Question 28

what does a slow release excipient do? what kind of drugs would you want to have this?

Answer 28

allows for longer release of the medication, slowly dissolved, slowly absorped - you would want drugs that have a single dose a day

Question 29

what is passive diffusion

Answer 29

drugs are diffused around the concentration gradient

Question 30

what is carrier mediated transport

Answer 30

these are larger drugs that must be ascorted across biological membranes to their target site with the use of energy

Question 31

ph of stomach

Answer 31

2

Question 32

ph of small intestine

Answer 32

8

Question 33

acids when you put in water what happens

Answer 33

give up a proton

Question 34

weak bases

Answer 34

take on a proton in water becoming charged

Question 35

weakly acidic drugs are absorbed where

Answer 35

stomach

Question 36

when weakly acidic drugs go into the stomach what happens

Answer 36

they become charged

Question 37

the fat soluble non-polar form a drug is absorbed where

Answer 37

in the stomach

Question 38

weak acidic drugs are poorly absorbed where

Answer 38

in the intestines

Question 39

what does the henderson-hasselbaclh do

Answer 39

as explains how like dissolves like