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VMS 1007 > The Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

to produce sperm and hormones

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2
Q

What is the function of the ducts?

A

To store and transport sperm

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3
Q

What is the function of the accessory glands?

A

To contribute to secretions and increase volume to semen

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4
Q

What kind of organ is the penis?

A

Intromittent (insertion organ)

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5
Q

What is the site of sperm production?

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

What is another name for sperm production?

A

Spermatogenesis

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7
Q

What is the name of the network that the seminiferous tubules open into?

A

rete testis

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8
Q

What does the rete testis drain into?

A

The head of the epididymis

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9
Q

Where does the immature sperm travel to after going through all three parts of the epididymis?

A

The deferent duct

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10
Q

What is the name of the cells that support the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

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11
Q

What is the role of Leydig cells?

A

They are responsible for testosterone secretion

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12
Q

What makes up the capsule that surrounds the testis?

A

smooth muscle and connective tissue (tunica albuginea)

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13
Q

What can be found on top of the tunica albuginea?

A

The vaginal tunic/ double layer of peritoneum

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14
Q

What is the role of the gubernaculum?

A

Pulls testicles down into pouch (from inguinal canal into scrotum)

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15
Q

What do the veins in the testes form?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Cool veins wrap around the warm arteries, this increases the surface area in contact and cools the blood

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17
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

A collection of structures including arteries veins, and the deferent duct

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18
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

raises/ lowers the testes

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19
Q

How do the testes keep cool?

A

Pampiniform plexus, sweat glands in the scrotal skin

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20
Q

What happens if the testes get too cold?

A

Cremaster muscle pulls testicles upwards, Dartos muscle contracts reducing the surface area

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21
Q

What are the four different sex glands?

A

Ampulla, Vesicular, Prostate, and Bulbourethral

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22
Q

What is the function of the prepuce?

A

Contains the penis, stops it from drying out

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23
Q

What is Paraphimosis

A

inability for the penis to reduce back into the prepuce

24
Q

What does the penis allow?

A

direct deposition of spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

25
Q

What are the three sections of the penis?

A

Root, Body and Glans

26
Q

Where does the penis originate from?

A

from the ischial arch

27
Q

What does the root of the penis contain?

A

corpus cavernosum and an expansion of corpus spongiosa around the penile urethra

28
Q

What does the body of the penis contain?

A

Combined corpus cavernosum that run alongside corpus spongiosa

29
Q

What does the glans of the penis contain?

A

It is the distal/ free portion, and is shaped by the expansion of the corpus spongiosum

30
Q

What are the two different types of penis in domestic animals?

A

Musculo cavernous and Fibroelastic

31
Q

What is a Fibroelastic penis?

A

The elongation is mostly by relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and straightening of the sigmoid flexure, has less blood flow

32
Q

What is a Musculo cavernous penis?

A

Erection formed by large volumes of blood filling the blood spaces

33
Q

Where is the baculum/ penis bone found

A

after the termination of the corpus cavernosum

34
Q

what is the function of the baculum? (os penis)

A

To contribute to the stiffness

35
Q

What is the bulbus glandis?

A

The expanded proximal part of the penis

36
Q

How does the bulbus glandis contribute to reproduction?

A

It enlarges before ejaculation helping the penis ‘lock in’ during mating

37
Q

What does the glans of a cat penis look like?

A

has keratinised papillae which help stimulate ovulation

38
Q

What does the glans of a pig penis look like?

A

Corkscrew

39
Q

What does the glans of a bull penis look like?

A

small, asymmetrical and slightly spiralled

40
Q

What does the glans of a small ruminant penis look like?

A

the urethral process continues beyond the penis

41
Q

What does the glans of a horse penis look like?

A

Mushroom shaped with a fossa

42
Q

Why does the horse prepuce have two layers?

A

To allow for lengthening

43
Q

What are the three muscles of the penis?

A

Retractor, Bulbospongiosus and Ischiocavernosi

44
Q

What is the function of the Ischiocavernosi muscle?

A

When contracted it blocks venous return from the corpus cavernosum

45
Q

What is the function of the Bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

Expels the urethral contents

46
Q

What is the function of the retractor muscle?

A

Helps to contribute to erections by blocking blood backflow

47
Q

What does the tunica albuginea do to the testes?

A

Causes them to become pressurised

48
Q

What is the name of the artery and vein that run within the tunica albuginea?

A

Testicular artery and vein

49
Q

What is the testicular artery a direct branch off and what does this mean?

A

it is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta which means that the blood flows at a high pressure

50
Q

What does the urethra join with?

A

The urethra joins with the deferent duct and they leave the bladder together, hence why it contains both semen and urine

51
Q

What are paired crura?

A

separate structures of the penis, they are covered in corpus cavernosum

52
Q

What artery supplies blood to the urethra, accesory sex glands and the penis?

A

internal pudendal artery

53
Q

What three nerves innervates the penis?

A

Pudendal, Hypogastric and Pelvic

54
Q

What species does not contain a bulbourethral gland?

A

Dogs

55
Q

What is the os-penis at the termination of?

A

The corpus cavernosum

56
Q

What is the widest part of the horse penis called?

A

The corona

57
Q

What is the purpose of the horse prepuce having two layers?

A

allows for lengthening of the penis

VMS 1007 (30 decks)

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