Microanatomy of the reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tunica albuginea made up of?

A

Connective tissue and smooth muscle

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2
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules made up of?

A

Stratified epithelium made up of spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

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3
Q

What do spermatogonia look like in the testes?

A

small round cells with dark, round nuclei, they are found adjacent to the basement membrane

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4
Q

What do primary spermatocytes look like?

A

Large cells, the nuclei show distinct chromatin

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5
Q

What do secondary spermatocyes look like?

A

They are rarely observed as they develop rapidly

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6
Q

What do early spermatids look like?

A

Small with a round cell

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7
Q

What do late spermatids look like?

A

Even smaller with an elongated body and tail

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8
Q

What do sertoli cells look like?

A

Pale, oval or triangular nucleus- they have a prominent nucleolus- their outline is poorly defined and they hug the spermatogenic cells

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9
Q

What can be found in-between the seminiferous tubules?

A

Interstitial space

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10
Q

Where are myoid cells found and what is their function?

A

Myoid cells are found outside the basement membrane of each tubule and they have a contractile function

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11
Q

Where are leydig cells often found?

A

Inside the connective tissue between tubules, they have a small round nucleus and are acidophillic (foamy cytoplasm)/ they also produce testosterone

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12
Q

Where can the transitional zone of the testes be found?

A

Between the coiled seminiferous tubules and the straight tubules

network of channels that form the rete testis

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13
Q

Where can the transitional zone of the testes be found?

A

Between the coiled seminiferous tubules and the straight tubules

network of channels that form the rete testis

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14
Q

What part of the epididymis has the least amount of epithelium?

A

The tail as it is used for sperm storage rather than sperm maturation

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15
Q

What is the deferent duct made up of?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium and smooth muscle

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16
Q

What kidn of cells make up the blood-testis barrier?

A

The barrier is formed by the sertoli cells

this separates developing spermatocytes from the blood (i.e the immune system)

17
Q

What cells make up the accesory glands?

A

Tubulo or tubuloalveolar
pseudstraified/ cuboidal epithelium
they are divided into lobules with smooth muscle capsules
the capsules are made up of connective tissue and smooth muscle

18
Q

What makes up the cortex/ peripheral zone of the ovaries?

A

cuboidal surface epithelium, tunica albuginea (made out of connective tissue)

19
Q

What makes up the medulla of the ovaries?

A

Blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and connective tissue

20
Q

What is the Retia ovarii?

A

solid cellular cords or
network of irregular channels lined by a
cuboidal epithelium.

21
Q

What is follicular atresia?

A

follicular regression

cell death and removal of the follicle via macrophages

22
Q

What animal species has black pigment in their corpus luteum?

A

Some mares

23
Q

What animal species has yellow pigment in their corpus luteum?

A

Cow, Mare and Carnivores

24
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

narrow muscular segment that joins the uterus

25
What layers make up the oviduct?
mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa
26
What does the endometrium of the uterus look like?
simple columnar epithelium, with some secretory cells, makes caruncles/ cups in mares
27
What does the myometrium of the uterus look like?
Thick inner layer of circular muscle and a longitudinal outer layer | smooth muscle increases in size during pregnancy
28
What makes up the perimetrium of the uterus?
loose connective tissue, smooth muscle cells and lymph/blood vessels/ nerve fibres
29
What cells make up the cervix?
simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells | dogs have stratified squamous