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VMS 1007 > Overview of reproduction in domestic animals > Flashcards

Overview of reproduction in domestic animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is Progeny?

A

A descendent from an animal, can be used for meat production, or non-breeding functions

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2
Q

What is the definition of Sexual reproduction?

A

Fusion of the haploid genetic complements from 2
distinct gametes (ovum and spermatozoon) at fertilisation to form the genetic basis of a novel individual.

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3
Q

What are primary sexual characteristics?

A

Gonad and gamete types

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4
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Appearance// behaviour of the individual

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4
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Appearance// behaviour of the individual

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5
Q

What animals have sex determined after fertilisation?

A

reptiles, amphibians fish etc.

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6
Q

What is TDF?

A

testes determining factor

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7
Q

What gene helps translate TDF?

A

SRY gene

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8
Q

What are the two key cell types in the intermediate gonad?

A

Mesoderm and primordial germ cell

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9
Q

What is the male Indeterminate tubular reproductive tracts

A

wolfian

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10
Q

What is the female Indeterminate tubular reproductive tracts

A

Mullerian

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11
Q

What are the 3 different types of somatic cells in the male gonad?

A

Supporting cells, Endocrine cells and Connective tissue cells

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12
Q

What are the male and female supporting cells respectively

A

Sertoli cells and ovarian follicle cells

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13
Q

What are the male and female endocrine cells respectively?

A

Leydig and Thecal cells

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14
Q

What cells produce testosterone in a female?

A

the Thecal cells

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15
Q

What does testosterone in females then go on to stimulate?

A

oestrogen production which stimulates the mullerian duct

16
Q

What are the two main effects of testosterone in males?

A

Development of secondary sex characteristics

17
Q

What do sertoli cells produce?

A

Mullerian inhibiting factor which actively prevents the mullerian duct from forming

18
Q

What is freemartinism?

A

When some of the blood from a male twin leaks over to female (TDF) which leads to sterility in the female

19
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

it acts directly on anterior pituitary cells to stimulate LH and FSH release into the systemic circulation

20
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

The hypothalamus

21
Q

What does LH do in males?

A

causes the testicles to make testosterone

22
Q

What two centres does a female have in the hypothalamus?

A

Surge and tonic

23
Q

What does dioecious mean?

A

Animals that exist as one of two sexes

24
Q

What are the two ways of determining sex?

A

Environmental which occurs after fertilisation and genetic which occurs at fertilisation

25
Q

How is the development of the surge centre stopped in males?

A

Testosterone does not bind to F2 alpha, this means that it can enter the brain and be converted into estrogen which in turn prevents the surge centre form being developed

26
Q

What stimulates the development of follicle cells from the pre-follicular cells?

A

At around 12 weeks in females, the PGC’s begin to produce oocytes by meiosis of germ cells, this stimulates the development of follicle cells

27
Q

Why are oocytes not produced in males?

A

With the addition of TDF, pre-sertoli cells are converted into spermatogenic cords, these inhibit meiosis in germ cells

28
Q

What is the effect of free-martinism on the female?

A

90% are sterile

29
Q

What influences biological efficiency?

A

Reproduction efficiency, Lactation ability, Growth and development, replacement rate and longevity

30
Q

When is TDF translated?

A

Following expression of the SRY gene

31
Q

What cells does TDF act on?

A

Somatic cells to create an appropriate environment to support sex specific gametogenesis

32
Q

What do sertoli cells become under the influence of TDF?

A

spermatogenic cords that then inhibit meiosis of PGC’s

33
Q

What is the function of the germ cells?

A

They differentiate into the gametes (spermatozoa or ovum)

34
Q

What is the name of the cells that produce mullerian inhibiting factor?

A

Sertoli cells

35
Q

Explain how the production of the surge centre in females is controlled

A

Estrogen is produced which then binds to a protein called alpha fetal protein
which means it cannot enter the hypothalamus
In males testosterone is produced and enters the hypothalamus where it is then converted into estrogen and prevents the surge centre from being produced

VMS 1007 (30 decks)

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