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VMS 1007 > Basic imaging of urological systems > Flashcards

Basic imaging of urological systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does radiolucent mean?

A

dark patches

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2
Q

What does radioopaque mean?

A

light patches

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3
Q

What is contrast radiography?

A

increasing the contrast between the subject and the surrounding tissue

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4
Q

what is positive contrast?

A

contrast agents contain elements that absorb a large proportion of x-rays, so appear whiter on radiographs

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5
Q

What are some examples of positive contrast substances?

A

Barium and iodine

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6
Q

What is negative contrast?

A

low density substances which don’t absorb many x-rays – so appear darker on radiographs.

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7
Q

What is collimation?

A

focusing a beam to only image what you want to see

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8
Q

In what animal are kidneys most visible in?

A

cats

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9
Q

What makes kidneys visible?

A

They are surrounded by fat which gives them better contrast

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10
Q

What view are kidneys best seen in?

A

Ventrodorsal view

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11
Q

What are calculi?

A

Bladder stones

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12
Q

What are Hypoechoic tissues?

A

Dark tissues when viewed with an ultrasound

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13
Q

What are Hyperechoic tissues?

A

Bright tissues, they return more echoes

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14
Q

What are Anechoic tissues?

A

Tissues that appear Black under ultrasound

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15
Q

What colour should urine be under ultrasonography?

A

Anechoic

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16
Q

What is the best recumbancy to view the kidneys?

A

right recumbancy

17
Q

Why is it better for kidneys to be surrounded by fat?

A

higher contrast so more visibility

18
Q

What part of the urogenital system can you see with positive contrast radiography?

A

The ureters (better for assessing renal function)

19
Q

When is the bladder easiest to evaluate?

A

When its full

20
Q

What is lateraly recumbancy the best for?

A

It has the least superimposition

21
Q

Where would you collimate?

A

11th rib, pelvis

22
Q

Why are ureters not usually visible on plain radiographs?

A

They need to be surrounded by fat

VMS 1007 (30 decks)

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